Rosenblum L D, Schmuckler M A, Johnson J A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 1997 Apr;59(3):347-57. doi: 10.3758/bf03211902.
In the McGurk effect, perceptual identification of auditory speech syllables is influenced by simultaneous presentation of discrepant visible speech syllables. This effect has been found in subjects of different ages and with various native language backgrounds. But no McGurk tests have been conducted with prelinguistic infants. In the present series of experiments, 5-month-old English-exposed infants were tested for the McGurk effect. Infants were first gaze-habituated to an audiovisual /va/. Two different dishabituation stimuli were then presented: audio /ba/-visual /va/ (perceived by adults as /va/), and audio /da/-visual /va/ (perceived by adults as /da/). The infants showed generalization from the audiovisual /va/ to the audio /ba/-visual /va/ stimulus but not to the audio /da/-visual /va/ stimulus. Follow-up experiments revealed that these generalization differences were not due to a general preference for the audio /da/-visual /va/ stimulus or to the auditory similarity of /ba/ to /va/ relative to /da/. These results suggest that the infants were visually influenced in the same way as English-speaking adults are visually influenced.
在麦格克效应中，听觉语音音节的感知识别会受到同时呈现的不一致视觉语音音节的影响。这种效应在不同年龄和具有不同母语背景的受试者中都已被发现。但尚未对语言前婴儿进行过麦格克测试。在本系列实验中，对5个月大接触英语的婴儿进行了麦格克效应测试。婴儿首先对视听/va/产生凝视习惯化。然后呈现两种不同的去习惯化刺激：音频/ba/-视觉/va/（成年人感知为/va/），以及音频/da/-视觉/va/（成年人感知为/da/）。婴儿表现出从视听/va/到音频/ba/-视觉/va/刺激的泛化，但对音频/da/-视觉/va/刺激没有泛化。后续实验表明，这些泛化差异并非由于对音频/da/-视觉/va/刺激的普遍偏好，也不是由于/ba/与/va/相对于/da/的听觉相似性。这些结果表明，婴儿受到视觉影响的方式与说英语的成年人受到视觉影响的方式相同。
