de Visser D C, van Hooft I M, van Doornen L J, Hofman A, Orlebeke J F, Grobbee D E
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Hum Hypertens. 1996 Dec;10(12):781-8.
Blood pressure (BP) regulatory mechanisms were studied in youngsters with contrasting risks for hypertension, based on parental history, during physical stress. As a static exercise, an isometric handgrip task (22% of maximal force during 5 min) was used and a dynamic exercise task was performed on a bicycle ergometer. At rest and during stress, BP and heart rate were recorded. In order to study the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to physical stress, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were measured in addition to indices of vagal and sympathetic influences on the heart. Heart rate and cardiac output declined significantly more in offspring of hypertensive parents during static exercise (difference in heart rate: -2.5 +/- 1.2 bpm, P = 0.04; difference in cardiac output: -9.0 +/- 4.6%, P = 0.05). This is most likely the result of a larger increase in the total peripheral resistance in youngsters at risk (difference: 13.2 +/- 6.8%, P = 0.06). No differences between the two groups were found in reactivity of BP or in the indices of sympathetic activation or vagal inhibition of the heart. The offspring of hypertensive parents showed an attenuated increase in stroke volume during the dynamic exercise task (difference at the first cycling level: -11.5 +/- 5.4%, P = 0.04), while no difference in neural activity or heart rate was found. Youngsters with a parental history of hypertension show an enhanced reactivity of total peripheral resistance during static exercise. This does not lead to a higher BP response in this group, most probably because of a larger decrease of the cardiac output. During dynamic exercise the physiological increase in stroke volume is blunted in offspring of hypertensive parents.
基于家族病史，对处于不同高血压风险的青少年在身体应激状态下的血压（BP）调节机制进行了研究。作为静态运动，采用了等长握力任务（5分钟内为最大力量的22%），并在自行车测力计上进行了动态运动任务。在静息和应激状态下记录血压和心率。为了研究心血管系统对身体应激的适应性，除了测量迷走神经和交感神经对心脏影响的指标外，还测量了心输出量和总外周阻力。在静态运动期间，高血压父母的后代心率和心输出量下降更为显著（心率差异：-2.5±1.2次/分钟，P = 0.04；心输出量差异：-9.0±4.6%，P = 0.05）。这很可能是由于有风险的青少年总外周阻力增加幅度更大（差异：13.2±6.8%，P = 0.06）。两组在血压反应性、交感神经激活指标或心脏迷走神经抑制方面均未发现差异。高血压父母的后代在动态运动任务期间每搏输出量增加减弱（第一个骑行水平时的差异：-11.5±5.4%，P = 0.04），而在神经活动或心率方面未发现差异。有高血压家族病史的青少年在静态运动期间总外周阻力反应性增强。这并未导致该组血压反应更高，很可能是因为心输出量下降幅度更大。在动态运动期间，高血压父母后代每搏输出量的生理性增加减弱。
