Beck L, D'Amore P A
Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
FASEB J. 1997 Apr;11(5):365-73.
The vascular system forms through a combination of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In vasculogenesis, vessels form de novo via the assembly of endothelial precursors called angioblasts, whereas in angiogenesis new vessels arise by migration and proliferation of endothelial cells from preexisting vessels. Although the two processes are distinct in some respects, recent evidence suggests that they share a number of regulatory mechanisms. The identification of a number of defined growth factors, observations of genetically manipulated mice, and the recognition of the importance of cell-cell interactions have greatly expanded our understanding of the regulation of vascularization. The paracrine actions of a variety of polypeptide growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and the angiopoietins, appear to be orchestrated in a complex sequence of steps that lead to the development of the adult vascular system. Thus, communication between the forming vasculature and the tissue parenchyma, as well as interactions among cells of the vascular wall, all appear to influence vascular development and growth.
血管系统通过血管生成和血管新生的结合而形成。在血管生成过程中，血管通过称为成血管细胞的内皮前体细胞的组装而从头形成，而在血管新生过程中，新血管则由已有血管的内皮细胞迁移和增殖产生。尽管这两个过程在某些方面有所不同，但最近的证据表明它们共享许多调节机制。多种已明确的生长因子的鉴定、对基因操作小鼠的观察以及对细胞间相互作用重要性的认识，极大地扩展了我们对血管形成调节的理解。包括血小板衍生生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、转化生长因子-β和血管生成素在内的多种多肽生长因子的旁分泌作用，似乎是在一系列复杂的步骤中精心编排的，这些步骤导致了成人血管系统的发育。因此，正在形成的脉管系统与组织实质之间的通讯，以及血管壁细胞之间的相互作用，似乎都影响血管的发育和生长。
