Donovan M C
Department of Political Science, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
J Homosex. 1997;32(3-4):115-44. doi: 10.1300/J082v32n03_05.
This essay presents a narrative of U.S. AIDS policy which highlights the ways that people with AIDS (PWAs) have been categorized throughout the epidemic. I argue that PWAs have been broadly categorized as either "innocent" or "guilty" in the public discourse about AIDS, and that these distinctions have greatly influenced the way that policies are designed and justified. An examination of the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990 shows that policy rationales of lawmakers overwhelmingly relied on rhetoric which focused on the most sympathetic PWAs: "innocent" women and children. While this rhetorical strategy helped gain passage of the law, it effectively shut out the concerns of the majority of PWAs who fell into less sympathetic categories and resulted in policy decisions which often work against the stated goals of lawmakers.
本文讲述了美国艾滋病政策的历程，着重介绍了在整个艾滋病流行期间艾滋病患者被分类的方式。我认为，在关于艾滋病的公共话语中，艾滋病患者大致被归类为“无辜的”或“有罪的”，而这些区分极大地影响了政策的制定和合理性论证方式。对1990年的《瑞安·怀特艾滋病紧急救援法案》的审视表明，立法者的政策依据绝大多数依赖于关注最具同情心的艾滋病患者的言辞：“无辜的”妇女和儿童。虽然这种修辞策略有助于该法律的通过，但它实际上忽视了大多数属于不太具同情心类别的艾滋病患者的关切，导致政策决定往往与立法者宣称的目标背道而驰。
