Chiar J E
Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
Orig Life Evol Biosph. 1997 Jun;27(1-3):79-100.
The evolution of icy grain mantles is governed by the environment in which they exist. This review presents an overview of the study of the molecules that make up the mantles and discusses their relevance to the origin of life. Models predict two phases of mantle growth during cloud collapse: simple polar and nonpolar molecules dominate the mantle layers at early and late times, respectively (Section 1). The effect of processing on grain mantle composition and the connection between organics in grain mantles and prebiotic chemistry is introduced. Section 2 describes how infrared spectroscopy of dense cloud sources, combined with theoretical models and laboratory data, gives us information on the composition and abundance of the ices in varying regions. The observed features and how they are used as diagnostics of mantle evolution are discussed in Section 3. This section also discusses the importance of these molecules to prebiotic chemistry. Section 4 compares grain mantle composition in different low-mass star forming regions, which best represent the solar birthplace. The final section (Section 5) summarizes the information presented, emphasizing the link between the study of interstellar dust and the origin of life.
冰粒包层的演化受其所处环境的支配。本综述概述了构成包层的分子的研究情况，并讨论了它们与生命起源的相关性。模型预测，在云团坍缩过程中，包层生长有两个阶段：早期和晚期，包层各层分别以简单的极性分子和非极性分子为主（第1节）。介绍了处理过程对颗粒包层成分的影响以及颗粒包层中的有机物与益生元化学之间的联系。第2节描述了致密云源的红外光谱如何与理论模型和实验室数据相结合，为我们提供不同区域冰的成分和丰度信息。第3节讨论了观测到的特征以及它们如何被用作包层演化的诊断依据。本节还讨论了这些分子对益生元化学的重要性。第4节比较了不同低质量恒星形成区域的颗粒包层成分，这些区域最能代表太阳诞生地。最后一节（第5节）总结了所呈现的信息，强调了星际尘埃研究与生命起源之间的联系。
