Antonov K, Isacson D
Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Services Research, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
Headache. 1997 Apr;37(4):228-34. doi: 10.1046/j.1526-4610.1997.3704228.x.
Headache is a common health problem that causes individual suffering as well as public expense. Because epidemiological studies have shown that headache is most prevalent among persons younger than 55 years, the influence of working conditions is of interest. In this study, we examined the importance of working conditions as a risk factor for frequent headache among the general Swedish population. Data from the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions for the 2-year period, 1988 and 1989, were used. In this survey, a probability sample of the Swedish population aged 16 years and older was interviewed. Frequent headache was defined as a positive answer to the question, "Have you (during the last 2 weeks) had recurrent headache or migraine?" Work stress was studied for two indices: physical work stress and mental work stress. The physical work stress index contained measurements of seven working conditions, and the mental work stress index contained measurements of three working conditions. The proportion of persons who reported frequent headache was greater among women than men, and frequent headache was most common in the age group 25 to 44 years. The logistic regression analyses showed that both physical and mental work stress were strongly associated with frequent headache among both men and women even after controlling for potential confounders. The associations between work stress and frequent headache may be dose-dependent. Heavy mental work stress was most strongly associated with frequent headache among men (odds ratio 3.03 [1.92 to 4.78]) while heavy physical work stress was most strongly associated with frequent headache among women (odds ratio 3.48 [1.13 to 10.65]). Improved working conditions could be one way of preventing headache, thereby decreasing individual suffering and employer as well as public expense.
头痛是一个常见的健康问题，它给个人带来痛苦，也造成公共开支。由于流行病学研究表明头痛在55岁以下人群中最为普遍，因此工作条件的影响备受关注。在本研究中，我们调查了工作条件作为瑞典普通人群频繁头痛风险因素的重要性。我们使用了1988年和1989年这两年瑞典生活条件调查的数据。在这项调查中，对16岁及以上的瑞典人口进行了概率抽样访谈。频繁头痛被定义为对“您（在过去两周内）是否反复头痛或偏头痛？”这个问题的肯定回答。我们研究了工作压力的两个指标：体力工作压力和脑力工作压力。体力工作压力指标包含对七种工作条件的测量，脑力工作压力指标包含对三种工作条件的测量。报告频繁头痛的女性比例高于男性，频繁头痛在25至44岁年龄组中最为常见。逻辑回归分析表明，即使在控制了潜在的混杂因素后，体力和脑力工作压力与男性和女性的频繁头痛都密切相关。工作压力与频繁头痛之间的关联可能存在剂量依赖性。重度脑力工作压力与男性频繁头痛的关联最为强烈（优势比3.03 [1.92至4.78]），而重度体力工作压力与女性频繁头痛的关联最为强烈（优势比3.48 [1.13至10.65]）。改善工作条件可能是预防头痛的一种方法，从而减少个人痛苦以及雇主和公共开支。
