Bito L Z, Matheny A, Cruickshanks K J, Nondahl D M, Carino O B
Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1997 May;115(5):659-63. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150661017.
To determine whether eye color changes after 6 years of age.
Longitudinal data on eye color were obtained from the Louisville Twin Study, Louisville, Ky. Twins (n = 1513 [individuals]) were assessed at least once and most twins (n = 1386) were examined on 2 or more occasions. Parents of twins were also examined at the study inception, 128 of whom were assessed again from February 1989 to October 1993.
Eye color was assessed at each examination by matching the iridial coloration of the subject to 1 of 15 painted glass eye anterior segments, similar to those in artificial eyes, mounted on a circular disk. The spectrum ranged from light blue (1) to dark brown (15).
Among whites (n = 1359), the eye color of 3.8% to 8.6% of the sample twins became 2 U or more darker or 2 U or more lighter during 3- to 9-year intervals between 6 years of age and adulthood (> 18 years, < 24 years). Among identical (monozygotic) twin pairs, there was a high degree of concordance in eye color (r = 0.98 [P < .001]), while in fraternal (dizygotic) twin pairs, the concordance was less pronounced (r = 0.49) and decreased with age (r = 0.07). Among the sample of the mothers of twins, 9% had irides that lightened by 2 U or more during the follow-up period.
Most individuals achieve stable eye color by 6 years of age. However, a subpopulation of 10% to 15% of white subjects have changes in eye color throughout adolescence and adulthood in the eye color range that can be expected to reflect changes in iridial melanin content or distribution. These data also suggest that such changes in eye color, or the propensity to such changes, may be genetically determined.
确定6岁之后眼睛颜色是否会发生变化。
关于眼睛颜色的纵向数据取自肯塔基州路易斯维尔市的路易斯维尔双生子研究。对1513名双胞胎（个体）至少进行了一次评估，大多数双胞胎（1386名）接受了两次或更多次检查。双胞胎的父母在研究开始时也接受了检查，其中128人在1989年2月至1993年10月期间再次接受了评估。
每次检查时，通过将受试者的虹膜颜色与安装在圆盘上的15个类似义眼的彩绘玻璃眼前节之一进行匹配来评估眼睛颜色。范围从浅蓝色（1）到深棕色（15）。
在白人（1359名）中，3.8%至8.6%的样本双胞胎在6岁至成年期（>18岁，<24岁）的3至9年间隔期间眼睛颜色变深2个单位或更多，或变浅2个单位或更多。在同卵（单卵）双胞胎对中，眼睛颜色的一致性很高（r = 0.98 [P <.001]），而在异卵（双卵）双胞胎对中，一致性则不太明显（r = 0.49），并且随年龄增长而降低（r = 0.07）。在双胞胎母亲样本中, 9%的人在随访期间虹膜颜色变浅2个单位或更多。
大多数人在6岁时眼睛颜色就会稳定下来。然而，10%至15%的白人受试者在整个青春期和成年期眼睛颜色会发生变化，这种变化范围有望反映虹膜黑色素含量或分布的变化。这些数据还表明，这种眼睛颜色的变化或变化倾向可能是由基因决定的。
