Milham J, Weinberger L E
J Homosex. 1977 Summer;2(4):343-57. doi: 10.1300/J082v02n04_07.
This study related components of gender inappropriateness that isolate target persons from sources of reward and hence function as social controls against such deviance. The study confirmed that a significant portion of negative responsiveness toward homosexuals results from the belief that their behavior is incongruent with their anatomical sex. Further, it was found that people are tolerant of out-of-sex-role characteristics when such traits are irrelevant to effective functioning in the situation, as long as the target does not display additional gender incongruence, namely, homosexuality. The results did not support the hypothesis that negative reactions to gender incongruence occur as a function of personal threat to one's own sexual identity.
本研究探讨了性别不适当性的相关因素，这些因素将目标人群与奖励来源隔离开来，从而起到对这种越轨行为的社会控制作用。该研究证实，对同性恋者的大量负面反应源于一种信念，即他们的行为与他们的生理性别不一致。此外，研究发现，当这些与性角色不符的特征与情境中的有效功能无关时，人们会容忍这些特征，只要目标没有表现出额外的性别不一致，即同性恋。研究结果不支持这样的假设，即对性别不一致的负面反应是作为对自身性别认同的个人威胁的一种作用而发生的。
