Carrau R L, Johnson J T, Myers E N
Division of Head and Neck Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania, USA.
Oncology (Williston Park). 1997 May;11(5):633-40; discussion 640, 642.
Benign and malignant tumors can arise from any of the structures contained within the parapharyngeal space. Such tumors are very rare, however. Also, malignant tumors from adjacent areas (eg, the pharynx) can extend into the parapharyngeal space by direct growth, or distant tumors may metastasize to the lymphatics within the space. Although the history and physical examination can provide clues to the site of origin and nature of a parapharyngeal space tumor, imaging studies are more useful for defining the site of origin and extent of the mass, as well as its vascularity and relationship to the great vessels of the neck and other neurovascular structures. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. The surgical approach chosen should facilitate complete tumor extirpation with minimal morbidity. Irradiation is administered as primary therapy in patients with unresectable tumors, poor surgical candidates, and selected other patients. Radiation therapy is also used after surgery for high-grade malignancies or when wide surgical margins cannot be achieved.
良性和恶性肿瘤可起源于咽旁间隙内包含的任何结构。然而，这类肿瘤非常罕见。此外，来自相邻区域（如咽部）的恶性肿瘤可通过直接生长蔓延至咽旁间隙，或远处肿瘤可能转移至该间隙内的淋巴管。尽管病史和体格检查可为咽旁间隙肿瘤的起源部位和性质提供线索，但影像学检查对于确定肿块的起源部位和范围、其血管情况以及与颈部大血管和其他神经血管结构的关系更有用。手术是主要的治疗方法。所选择的手术入路应有助于在发病率最低的情况下完整切除肿瘤。对于无法切除的肿瘤患者、手术耐受性差的患者以及其他特定患者，放疗作为主要治疗手段。对于高级别恶性肿瘤或无法实现广泛手术切缘的情况，术后也会使用放射治疗。
