Eskenazi B, Warner M L
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1997 Jun;24(2):235-58. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70302-8.
This article summarizes present knowledge about the epidemiology of endometriosis. Surprisingly, little is known about the prevalence or risk factors of endometriosis, given the medical care and employment costs. Knowledge about the epidemiology of endometriosis is hampered by the inability to diagnose this disease in the general population. Based on a single cohort study, it is estimated that there is a 10% prevalence of endometriosis in the general population. Age is the only sociodemographic characteristic for which a consistent positive relationship has been observed. In general, the risk of endometriosis appears to increase for reproductive health factors that may relate to increased exposure to menstruation (i.e., shorter cycle length, longer duration of flow, or reduced parity). The risk appears to decrease for personal habits that may relate to decreased estrogen levels (i.e., smoking, exercise).
本文总结了目前关于子宫内膜异位症流行病学的知识。令人惊讶的是，考虑到医疗护理和就业成本，对于子宫内膜异位症的患病率或风险因素却知之甚少。由于无法在普通人群中诊断出这种疾病，关于子宫内膜异位症流行病学的知识受到了阻碍。基于一项队列研究，估计普通人群中子宫内膜异位症的患病率为10%。年龄是唯一观察到存在一致正相关关系的社会人口学特征。一般来说，对于可能与月经暴露增加相关的生殖健康因素（即月经周期较短、经期较长或生育次数减少），子宫内膜异位症的风险似乎会增加。对于可能与雌激素水平降低相关的个人习惯（即吸烟、运动），风险似乎会降低。
