Unbalanced production of interleukin-5 and interleukin-2 in children with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND

Cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-5, produced by T helper type 2 Th2) cells appear to play an important role in the inflammatory processes associated with atopic dermatitis. The roles of cytokines produced by Th1 cells remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE

We examined IL-5 and IL-2 mRNA abundance in and protein production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with atopic dermatitis and compared those from controls.

METHODS

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from six children with atopic dermatitis and six control children, and stimulated with both phytohemaggulutinin (PHA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The abundance of IL-5 and IL-2 mRNA in PBMCs was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The production of IL-5 and IL-2 by PBMCs was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTS

After incubation with PHA and PMA, PBMCs from atopic children showed significantly higher IL-5 mRNA abundance (P < .05) and IL-5 production (P < .01), as well as a lower amount of IL-2 mRNA (P = .056) and IL-2 production (P < .05) than those from healthy controls. The time course of changes in IL-5 mRNA abundance induced by PHA and PMA in PBMCs from atopic children differed markedly from that observed with healthy controls, whereas the time course of changes in IL-2 mRNA abundance were similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The increased IL-5 and decreased IL-2 production observed with PBMCs from children with atopic dermatitis may underlie the activation of eosinophils and high serum immunoglobulin E concentrations also apparent in such individuals. An imbalance in the number and activity of Th1 and Th2 cells is likely to be responsible for the abnormal pattern of cytokine production in atopic dermatitis.