Gauvin D V, Briscoe R J, Baird T J, Vallett M, Carl K L, Holloway F A
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190-3000, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1997 May-Jun;57(1-2):199-206. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00310-3.
Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in a two-choice food-reinforced drug discrimination task (10 min sessions) using the state-dependent interoceptive stimulus attributes of ethanol's (EtOH) delayed or rebound effects (EDE) versus "normal" basal homeostasis. Cross-generalization tests were conducted with 0.18 mg/kg naloxone injected after three days of three injections per day of either SAL or 10 mg/kg morphine. Naloxone failed to generalize to the EDE-state after chronic saline; however, the precipitated morphine withdrawal state produced complete generalization to the EDE training cue. Daily tests were conducted after 8 h photoperiod phase-shifts. An 8 h phase-advance, equivalent to a west-to-east intercontinental night-time flight in humans, produced a biphasic, graded, increase in EDE-appropriate responding, which peaked on the second day after the phase-advance and recovered by the fourth day. The 8 h phase-delays failed to engender significant EDE-appropriate responding. These data provide evidence for the subjective similarity between EtOH hangover, opiate withdrawal states, and the physiological disruption induced by circadian phase-advances.
选用20只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠，采用乙醇（EtOH）延迟或反弹效应（EDE）与“正常”基础内环境稳定状态相关的内感受性刺激属性，对其进行双选食物强化药物辨别任务训练（每次训练10分钟）。在每天注射3次、连续注射3天的生理盐水（SAL）或10 mg/kg吗啡后，注射0.18 mg/kg纳洛酮进行交叉泛化试验。慢性注射生理盐水后，纳洛酮未能泛化至EDE状态；然而，诱发的吗啡戒断状态产生了对EDE训练线索的完全泛化。在8小时光周期相移后进行每日测试。相当于人类从西向东跨洲际夜间飞行的8小时相位提前，导致EDE相关反应呈双相、分级增加，在相位提前后的第二天达到峰值，并在第四天恢复。8小时相位延迟未引起显著的EDE相关反应。这些数据为EtOH宿醉、阿片类药物戒断状态以及昼夜节律相位提前引起的生理紊乱之间的主观相似性提供了证据。
