The clinical reasoning case study: a powerful teaching tool.

This article describes the limitations of typical published case studies with respect to their congruence with actual clinical practice and their utility in teaching clinical decision making to novice or student health care providers. The authors propose a Clinical Reasoning Case Study that closely resembles an actual patient encounter, yet is also a rigorous academic exercise. In which health care providers must think aloud as the encounter unfolds. The Clinical Reasoning Case Study explicates and substantiates health care providers' thought processes underlying each decision to collect objective and subjective data. Other unique characteristics of this case study include a discussion of the working diagnosis and the provider's relative certainty about that decision; selection of the single most important objective and subjective finding that led to the diagnosis; a chronological list of diagnostic hypotheses that were generated throughout the patient encounter; and an analysis of costs, including the office visit, diagnostic tests, medications, and treatments. The Clinical Reasoning Case Study is a powerful tool for teaching and evaluating the clinical reasoning process. Two sample case studies are provided: "A Child with a Heart Murmur" and "An infant with Diaper Rash."