Fawzi W W, Forman M R, Levy A, Graubard B I, Naggan L, Berendes H W
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Jun;65(6):1731-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.6.1731.
Relations between maternal anthropometric status during pregnancy and infant feeding practices and growth from birth through the first 6 mo of life were examined in a cohort of 351 Israeli mother-infant pairs of North African descent. Maternal weight, height, and triceps skinfold thicknesses were determined at 6 and 9 mo of pregnancy, while infants' weights and lengths were measured at birth and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 mo of age with concurrent collection of age-specific maternal-reported infant feeding data. On the basis of multiple-linear-regression analysis that adjusted for potential covariates, mean maternal weight at the first prenatal visit and at 6 and 9 mo of pregnancy were positively associated with birth length (P for trend in all cases < 0.0001) and with linear growth between birth and 1, 3, and 6 mo of age. Maternal skinfold thickness at 9 mo of pregnancy and maternal height were also significantly associated with birth length. Moreover, maternal height, weight, and skinfold thickness at 6 and 9 mo of pregnancy were positively associated with mean birth weight. After adjustment for morbidity in the past month and other covariates, infants breast-fed exclusively had greater attained weight and weight gain in the first 3 mo compared with infants who were bottle-fed exclusively, breast-fed and bottle-fed, or solid-fed exclusively. These findings underscore the need for programs that improve the nutritional status of women before, during, and after pregnancy, and encourage exclusive breast-feeding of infants for at least the first 3 mo of life.
在一个由351对来自北非血统的以色列母婴组成的队列中，研究了孕期母亲人体测量状况与婴儿喂养方式以及从出生到6个月大的生长之间的关系。在孕期6个月和9个月时测定母亲的体重、身高和肱三头肌皮褶厚度，同时在婴儿出生时、1个月、2个月、3个月和6个月时测量其体重和身长，并同时收集母亲报告的特定年龄的婴儿喂养数据。基于对潜在协变量进行调整的多元线性回归分析，首次产前检查时以及孕期6个月和9个月时母亲的平均体重与出生身长呈正相关（所有情况下趋势的P值<0.0001），并且与出生至1个月、3个月和6个月大时的线性生长呈正相关。孕期9个月时母亲的皮褶厚度和母亲身高也与出生身长显著相关。此外，孕期6个月和9个月时母亲的身高、体重和皮褶厚度与平均出生体重呈正相关。在对过去一个月的发病率和其他协变量进行调整后，与完全人工喂养、混合喂养或完全固体喂养的婴儿相比，完全母乳喂养的婴儿在头3个月体重增加更多。这些发现强调了需要实施相关项目，以改善女性在孕前、孕期和产后的营养状况，并鼓励婴儿至少在出生后的头3个月进行纯母乳喂养。
