Svec F, Fréchet J M
Cornell University, Department of Chemistry, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, NY 14853-1301, USA.
J Mol Recognit. 1996 Sep-Dec;9(5-6):326-34. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1352(199634/12)9:5/6<326::aid-jmr303>3.0.co;2-g.
A molding process has been used for the preparation of separation media in different shapes such as rods and flat membrane-like disks. The polymerization is carried out using a mixture of monomers, porogenic solvent and free-radical initiator under conditions that afford macroporous materials with through-pores or channels large enough to provide the high flow characteristics required for applications in chromatography. In contrast to classical suspension polymerization, the solubility of monomers in water does not restrict their use. The versatility of the preparation technique is demonstrated in polymerizations involving both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers such as styrene, chloromethylstyrene, glycidyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylates and acrylamide. Techniques have been developed that allow fine control of the porous properties of the polymers. These, in turn, determine the hydrodynamic properties of the separation devices that contain the molded media. Since all the mobile phase must flow through the separation medium, the mass transport within the molded media is accelerated considerably by convection. Therefore, the separations can be performed at much higher flow rates than in packed columns. This is particularly important for separations of large molecules such as proteins for which diffusion is a serious problem that significantly slows down the separation processes. The molded separation media have been used for the separation of biological compounds using gentle chromatographic modes such as hydrophobic interaction, ion-exchange and affinity chromatography during which the biological activity of the separated compounds is completely retained.
一种成型工艺已被用于制备不同形状的分离介质，如棒状和平膜状圆盘。聚合反应是在单体、致孔溶剂和自由基引发剂的混合物存在下进行的，条件是得到具有通孔或通道的大孔材料，这些孔足够大，以提供色谱应用所需的高流量特性。与经典悬浮聚合不同，单体在水中的溶解度并不限制它们的使用。制备技术的通用性在涉及疏水和亲水单体（如苯乙烯、氯甲基苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、甲基丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯酰胺）的聚合反应中得到了证明。已经开发出能够精细控制聚合物多孔性能的技术。这些性能反过来又决定了包含成型介质的分离装置的流体动力学性能。由于所有流动相都必须流经分离介质，成型介质内的传质通过对流大大加速。因此，分离可以在比填充柱更高的流速下进行。这对于分离大分子（如蛋白质）尤为重要，因为扩散是一个严重问题，会显著减慢分离过程。成型分离介质已被用于使用温和的色谱模式（如疏水相互作用、离子交换和亲和色谱）分离生物化合物，在此过程中，分离化合物的生物活性得到完全保留。
