Mesters I, van den Borne H, McCormick L, Pruyn J, de Boer M, Imbos T
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health Education, University of Limburg, The Netherlands.
Psychosom Med. 1997 May-Jun;59(3):269-79. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199705000-00010.
To describe the development and validation of a scale for assessing openness to discuss cancer in the family.
Two studies were conducted. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study designed to test the factor structure of the scale. Four hundred ninety-eight patients with either breast cancer or Hodgkin's disease were interviewed. In Study 2, a longitudinal study, 133 patients with cancer in the head and neck were tested at four points in time: just before treatment, 6 weeks, 13 weeks and 52 weeks after treatment. Study 2 aimed to confirm the factor structure established in Study 1, to test for construct validity in a new population, to test the psychometric properties of the Openness Scale, and to test the scale's sensitivity to change.
In Study 1, a one-factor solution was revealed, resulting in a scale of eight items. In Study 2, the factor structure found in Study 1 was confirmed. In line with theoretical expectations, subjects who perceived their communication about cancer as more open showed more positive rehabilitation outcomes especially at 13 weeks after treatment (less uncertainty, fewer negative feelings, more control, higher self-esteem, fewer psychological and physical complaints). Furthermore, more open communication related with more support by family members and more discussion with the partner. The scale was found to be stable over time.
The scale's construction and subsequent analysis show that open discussion of problems (related to cancer) in the family can be measured reliably with an eight-item instrument. Additional validation of the scale is indicated.
描述一种用于评估家庭中讨论癌症开放性的量表的开发与验证过程。
进行了两项研究。研究1是一项横断面研究，旨在测试该量表的因子结构。对498例乳腺癌或霍奇金病患者进行了访谈。在研究2（一项纵向研究）中，对133例头颈部癌症患者在四个时间点进行了测试：治疗前、治疗后6周、13周和52周。研究2旨在确认研究1中建立的因子结构，在新人群中测试结构效度，测试开放性量表的心理测量特性，并测试该量表对变化的敏感性。
在研究1中，揭示了一个单因子解决方案，从而形成了一个包含8个条目的量表。在研究2中，研究1中发现的因子结构得到了确认。与理论预期一致，那些认为自己对癌症的交流更开放的受试者表现出更积极的康复结果，尤其是在治疗后13周（不确定性更低、负面情绪更少、更有掌控感、自尊心更高、心理和身体不适更少）。此外，更开放的交流与家庭成员更多的支持以及与伴侣更多的讨论相关。该量表被发现随时间推移是稳定的。
该量表的构建及后续分析表明，用一个包含8个条目的工具可以可靠地测量家庭中（与癌症相关的）问题的开放讨论情况。该量表还需进一步验证。
