Shlyakhov E, Rubinstein E, Novikov I
Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Vaccine. 1997 Apr-May;15(6-7):631-6. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00286-1.
Seven groups (2596 subjects) were vaccinated with a human live anthrax vaccine (HLAV) by three different routes (scarification, subcutaneous and aerosol). The vaccinees were tested for anthrax cell-mediated immunity using the "Anthraxin" skin test at 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days following vaccination. The kinetic pattern obtained from all groups, shows a significant, five-phased curve: phase I (2-6 days post-vaccination) shows a slow increase in positive Anthraxin skin reactions. Phase II (7-15 days post-vaccination) shows an exponential rise to a maximum at day 15. Phase III (16-30 days post-vaccination) shows a decrease to day 30. Phase IV (31-90 days post-vaccination) leads to a relative restoration of the positive skin reactions. During phase V (91-365 days post-vaccination) there is a continuous decrease in positive Anthraxin skin reactions. The loss of the skin test reaction on day 30 is a characteristic feature of post vaccination anthrax cell-mediated immunity. It may be due to a blockade of macrophages by lethal anthrax toxin released by the multiplying vaccine strain. Epidemiological observations of HLAV protective rates correlate with the phases of the skin reaction kinetics.
七组（共2596名受试者）通过三种不同途径（划痕、皮下和雾化）接种了人用炭疽活疫苗（HLAV）。在接种疫苗后的第7、15、30、90、180和365天，使用“炭疽菌素”皮肤试验对接种者进行炭疽细胞介导免疫检测。从所有组获得的动力学模式显示出一条显著的五阶段曲线：第一阶段（接种后2 - 6天），炭疽菌素皮肤阳性反应缓慢增加。第二阶段（接种后7 - 15天）呈指数上升，在第15天达到最大值。第三阶段（接种后16 - 30天）至第30天反应下降。第四阶段（接种后31 - 90天）皮肤阳性反应相对恢复。在第五阶段（接种后91 - 365天），炭疽菌素皮肤阳性反应持续下降。接种后第30天皮肤试验反应消失是接种后炭疽细胞介导免疫的一个特征。这可能是由于增殖的疫苗株释放的致死性炭疽毒素对巨噬细胞的阻断作用。HLAV保护率的流行病学观察结果与皮肤反应动力学阶段相关。
