Harvei S, Bjerve K S, Tretli S, Jellum E, Robsahm T E, Vatten L
Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Epidemiological Cancer Research, Oslo.
Int J Cancer. 1997 May 16;71(4):545-51. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970516)71:4<545::aid-ijc7>3.0.co;2-u.
Ecological and case-control studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between consumption of fat and the risk of prostate cancer. Two recent human studies have focused on alpha-linolenic acid as a risk factor for prostate cancer. Animal experiments have shown that dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids have generally stimulated tumour development, whereas omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have diminished it. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between these fatty acids and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Blood donors to the Janus serum data bank in Norway, who later developed prostate cancer, were matched to blood donors without prostate cancer (141 matched sets); the proportional level of fatty acids measured before diagnosis in the donors' serum was examined. The risk of later prostate cancer was analysed by conditional logistic regression. Increasing risk for prostate cancer was found with increasing quartiles of palmitoleic, palmitic and alpha-linolenic acid. An inverse risk association was found with increasing levels of tetracosanoic acid, for the ratios of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid and arachidonic to eicosapentaenoic acid. There was no clear association between the risk effect of total omega-3 and total omega-6 fatty acids. There were no indications of a relationship between fatty acids and more aggressive cancers. Our results verify recent findings of a positive association between alpha-linolenic acid and a negative association between the ratio of linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of prostate cancer.
生态学研究和病例对照研究表明，脂肪摄入与前列腺癌风险之间存在正相关。最近的两项人体研究聚焦于α-亚麻酸作为前列腺癌的一个风险因素。动物实验表明，膳食中的ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸通常会促进肿瘤发展，而ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸则会抑制肿瘤发展。我们研究的目的是调查这些脂肪酸与随后发生前列腺癌的风险之间的关联。挪威雅努斯血清数据库的献血者中，后来患前列腺癌的人与未患前列腺癌的献血者进行匹配（141对匹配组）；检测献血者血清中诊断前测量的脂肪酸比例水平。通过条件逻辑回归分析后来患前列腺癌的风险。发现随着棕榈油酸、棕榈酸和α-亚麻酸四分位数的增加，前列腺癌风险增加。发现随着二十四烷酸水平、亚油酸与α-亚麻酸的比例以及花生四烯酸与二十碳五烯酸的比例增加，风险呈负相关。总ω-3脂肪酸和总ω-6脂肪酸的风险效应之间没有明确关联。没有迹象表明脂肪酸与侵袭性更强的癌症之间存在关系。我们的结果证实了最近关于α-亚麻酸与前列腺癌风险呈正相关以及亚油酸与α-亚麻酸的比例与前列腺癌风险呈负相关的研究发现。
