Schein C H
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77546-1157, USA.
Nat Biotechnol. 1997 Jun;15(6):529-36. doi: 10.1038/nbt0697-529.
The RNA population in cells is controlled post-transcriptionally by ribonucleases (RNases) of varying specificity. Angiogenin, neurotoxins, and plant allergens are among many proteins with RNase activity or significant homology to known RNases. RNase activity in serum and cell extracts is elevated in a variety of cancers and infectious diseases. RNases are regulated by specific activators and inhibitors, including interferons. Many of these regulatory molecules are useful lead compounds for the design of drugs to control tumor angiogenesis, allergic reactions, and viral replication. One RNase (Onconase) and several RNase activators are now in clinical trials for cancer treatment or inhibition of chronic virus infections. Several others, alone or conjugated with specific cell binding molecules, are being developed for their antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor cell activity.
细胞中的RNA群体在转录后由具有不同特异性的核糖核酸酶（RNase）控制。血管生成素、神经毒素和植物过敏原是众多具有RNase活性或与已知RNase有显著同源性的蛋白质。血清和细胞提取物中的RNase活性在多种癌症和传染病中会升高。RNase由特定的激活剂和抑制剂调节，包括干扰素。这些调节分子中的许多都是用于设计控制肿瘤血管生成、过敏反应和病毒复制药物的有用先导化合物。一种RNase（昂卡司琼）和几种RNase激活剂目前正在进行癌症治疗或抑制慢性病毒感染的临床试验。其他几种，单独或与特定细胞结合分子偶联，正在开发用于其抗真菌、抗病毒和抗肿瘤细胞活性。
