Stanghellini G, Mundi C
Mental Health Services, Florence, Italy.
Psychopathology. 1997;30(3):119-29. doi: 10.1159/000285038.
The concept of typus melancholicus (TM) was shaped by Tellenbach by means of phenomenological analysis in order to describe the premorbid and intermorbid personality of endogenous depressives. In this paper, the authors delineate the core properties of TM-i.e. orderliness, conscientiousness, norm orientation and intolerance of ambiguity-as a point of departure for empirical-statistical research. Qualitative and quantitative studies inquiring the characteristics of TM are reviewed in order to point out its well-established personality dimensions. Alternating methodological steps are proposed, combining phenomenological hypotheses with empirical-statistical tests (hermeneutic complementarity) in order to validate and differentiate the TM concept. The question whether TM should be considered as a personality disorder and the ethical attitude of subsiding appreciation of the TM in different generations of psychiatrists are discussed. It is emphasized that the TM concept brings otherwise unsystematized observations of depressives' intermorbid personality features into a coherent theoretical framework.
忧郁型人格（TM）的概念是由特伦巴赫通过现象学分析形成的，旨在描述内源性抑郁症患者病前和病间的人格。在本文中，作者将TM的核心特质——即条理、尽责、规范导向和对模糊性的不容忍——勾勒出来，作为实证统计研究的出发点。回顾了探究TM特征的定性和定量研究，以指出其已确立的人格维度。提出了交替的方法论步骤，将现象学假设与实证统计测试相结合（诠释互补性），以验证和区分TM概念。讨论了TM是否应被视为一种人格障碍的问题，以及不同代精神科医生对TM评价下降的伦理态度。强调TM概念将抑郁症患者病间人格特征的其他未系统化观察纳入了一个连贯的理论框架。
