Pfützner H, Sachse K
Agrar-und Umweltanalytik GmbH, Jena, Germany.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Dec;15(4):1477-94. doi: 10.20506/rst.15.4.987.
Bovine diseases due to Mycoplasma bovis can cause considerable economic losses in cattle production. While the pathogen is principally responsible for therapy-resistant mastitis on large dairy farms, on smaller farms the typical mycoplasma diseases are calf pneumonia and arthritis. Moreover, the pathogen is able to cause genital disorders. M. bovis infection can be controlled effectively only if appropriate measures are implemented at the earliest possible stage. Since immunoprophylaxis and antibiotic treatment are known to be ineffective, control measures must include the introduction of strict hygiene standards, the restriction of animal movement out of infected herds and the culling of clinically diseased animals and shedders of the mycoplasma (the latter only in the case of mastitis and genital disorders). In this review, symptoms of the various diseases caused by M. bovis are described and characteristics of the course of infection are outlined. To clarify the origin and spread of the infection, the authors describe the main properties and reservoirs of the pathogen and summarise experimental evidence on modes of transmission to susceptible organs. As effective diagnosis is a prerequisite for the introduction of early control measures, the advantages and disadvantages of currently used diagnostic methods are discussed in detail. It is a serious shortcoming if testing for mycoplasmas is not included in routine bacterial examination of clinical samples. As a consequence, some M. bovis infections will remain undetected and outbreaks cannot be controlled properly. Finally, practical recommendations are given for prevention and control, including the formation of mycoplasma-free herds.
由牛支原体引起的牛病会给养牛业造成巨大经济损失。虽然该病原体主要导致大型奶牛场出现治疗抵抗性乳腺炎，但在较小的农场，典型的支原体病是犊牛肺炎和关节炎。此外，该病原体还能引发生殖系统疾病。只有尽早采取适当措施，才能有效控制牛支原体感染。由于已知免疫预防和抗生素治疗无效，控制措施必须包括引入严格的卫生标准、限制感染牛群的动物流动以及扑杀临床患病动物和支原体排出者（后者仅适用于乳腺炎和生殖系统疾病）。在这篇综述中，描述了由牛支原体引起的各种疾病的症状，并概述了感染过程的特点。为了阐明感染的起源和传播，作者描述了病原体的主要特性和宿主，并总结了关于病原体传播至易感器官方式的实验证据。由于有效诊断是尽早采取控制措施的前提，因此详细讨论了当前使用的诊断方法的优缺点。如果临床样本的常规细菌检查中不包括支原体检测，那将是一个严重的缺陷。因此，一些牛支原体感染将无法被检测到，疫情也无法得到妥善控制。最后，给出了预防和控制的实用建议，包括组建无支原体牛群。
