Barber F A, Herbert M A, Click J N
Plano Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, TX 75093, USA.
Arthroscopy. 1997 Jun;13(3):355-62. doi: 10.1016/s0749-8063(97)90034-7.
Two new areas of anchor development are biodegradable anchors and "mini" anchors. The group of biodegradable anchors tested include the Bio-Anchor, LactoSorb, Biofix, Bio-Statak, Mini Screw suture anchor, DePuy 4.5 molded, DePuy 4.5 machined, DePuy 3.5 machined, TAG Wedge 4, TAG Rod 2, TAG Wedge 3, TAG Wedge 2, and Stealth. "Mini anchors" have drill holes or minor diameters of < 2.2 mm. Those tested include the Mini Revo and Bio-Anchor, miniHarpoon, mini Mitek and Fast in 3, Statak 1.5 and 2.5, SB 2 and PeBA 3, Corkscrew 5, Corkscrew 3.5, and Fastak A2, Ogden 2.5, TAG Wedge 2, ROC 1.9, and Questus 2.5. Additional anchors tested that fit neither category include the Anspach, Questus 3.5 and 5.0, SB 3 and PeBA-C, Ogden 3.5, Fast in 4, Ultrafix, and the ROC 3.5, ROC 2.8, ROC 2.3, and ROC XS. An anchor comparison, using an established protocol in fresh porcine femurs, recorded failure strength, failure mode, eyelet size, minor and major diameters, and drill hole sizes. Except for the Bio-Anchor and TAG Wedge 2, biodegradable anchors tend to be larger to compensate for their lower strength relative to metal. Biodegradable screw anchors' predominant failure mode was eyelet cutout, whereas biodegradable nonscrew anchors failed to predominantly by anchor pullout. From an initial mechanical perspective, these biodegradable anchors perform acceptably. Both biodegradable and "mini" anchors include screw and nonscrew designs. As expected, screw designs perform well and generally fail at higher loads than nonscrew anchors. Although biodegradable anchors, as a group, are not as strong as metal anchors, they are stronger than the sutures for which they are designed. The move to smaller ("mini") and biodegradable anchors is supported by these data. Whether an anchor fails at twice the suture breaking strength or 10 times the suture breaking strength should make no difference.
锚钉开发的两个新领域是可生物降解锚钉和“微型”锚钉。所测试的可生物降解锚钉组包括Bio-Anchor、LactoSorb、Biofix、Bio-Statak、微型缝线锚钉、DePuy 4.5模制锚钉、DePuy 4.5加工锚钉、DePuy 3.5加工锚钉、TAG Wedge 4、TAG Rod 2、TAG Wedge 3、TAG Wedge 2和Stealth。“微型锚钉”的钻孔或小径<2.2毫米。所测试的包括Mini Revo和Bio-Anchor、微型鱼叉、微型Mitek和Fast in 3、Statak 1.5和2.5、SB 2和PeBA 3、Corkscrew 5、Corkscrew 3.5、Fastak A2、Ogden 2.5、TAG Wedge 2、ROC 1.9和Questus 2.5。所测试的不属于这两类的其他锚钉包括Anspach、Questus 3.5和5.0、SB 3和PeBA-C、Ogden 3.5、Fast in 4、Ultrafix以及ROC 3.5、ROC 2.8、ROC 2.3和ROC XS。在新鲜猪股骨中使用既定方案进行锚钉比较，记录了破坏强度、破坏模式、小孔尺寸、小径和大径以及钻孔尺寸。除了Bio-Anchor和TAG Wedge 2外，可生物降解锚钉往往更大，以弥补其相对于金属较低的强度。可生物降解的螺旋锚钉的主要破坏模式是小孔切口，而可生物降解的非螺旋锚钉主要因锚钉拔出而失效。从初始力学角度来看，这些可生物降解锚钉表现尚可。可生物降解锚钉和“微型”锚钉都包括螺旋和非螺旋设计。正如预期的那样，螺旋设计表现良好，通常在比非螺旋锚钉更高的载荷下失效。虽然作为一个整体，可生物降解锚钉不如金属锚钉坚固，但它们比其设计所针对的缝线更坚固。这些数据支持了向更小（“微型”）和可生物降解锚钉的转变。锚钉在缝线断裂强度的两倍或十倍时失效应该没有区别。
