Barber F Alan, Herbert Morley A, Coons David A, Boothby Michael H
Plano Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Plano, Texas 75093, USA.
Arthroscopy. 2006 Oct;22(10):1063.e1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2006.04.106.
To evaluate recently introduced sutures and suture anchors for single pull load to failure strength and failure mode.
Suture anchors were tested in fresh porcine metaphyseal cortex and cancellous troughs with the use of an established protocol. An Instron machine applied tensile loads parallel to the axis of insertion at a rate of 12.5 mm/sec until failure, and mean anchor failure strengths were calculated. The mode of failure (anchor pull-out, suture eyelet cut-out, or suture failure) was recorded. Anchors tested included the BioRaptor 2.9, BioZip, Super Revo, Impact, Allograft cortical anchor, SpiraLok, Herculon, AxyaLoop titanium anchors 3, 5, and 6.5 mm, AxyaLoop bioabsorbable anchors 3, 5, and 6.5, ParaFix titanium anchors 3, 5, and 6.5, ParaSorb BioAnchors 3, 5.5, and 6.5, and Bio-Corkscrew FT. Sutures were also tested through an established protocol for load to failure. Sutures tested consisted of Orthocord, Ultrabraid (White and CoBraid), ForceFiber, Hi-Fi, MagnumWire, and Maxbraid Polyethylene Plus.
Mean failure loads were as follows: BioRaptor 238 N, BioZip 366 N, double-loaded Super Revo 486 N, triple-loaded Super Revo 362 N, Impact 202 N, Allograft cortical anchor 240 N, SpiraLok 289 N, Herculon 819 N, AxyaLoop titanium anchors 3.0 (335 N), 5.0 (485 N), and 6.5 mm (465 N), AxyaLoop bioabsorbable anchors 3 (143 N), 5 (395 N), and 6.5 (369 N), ParaFix titanium anchors 3 (335 N), 5 (485 N), and 6.5 (465 N), ParaSorb BioAnchors 3 (143 N), 5.5 (395 N), and 6.5 (369 N), and Bio-Corkscrew FT (260 N). The sutures all broke at the mid point of their tested strands away from the grips. Mean suture strength for No. 2 Orthocord was 92 N; for No. 2 Ultrabraid CoBraid and White, strengths were 265 N and 280 N, respectively; strength for No. 2 Force Fiber was 289 N, for No. 2 Hi-Fi 250 N, for No. 2 MagnumWire 303 N, and for No. 2 Maxbraid Polyethylene Plus 256 N.
Newer suture products showed significant improvements in load to failure values when compared with braided polyester sutures. Higher load to failure values continue to be seen in metal versus biodegradable anchors and in screw-type versus nonscrew designs.
Surgeons who prefer stronger sutures now have several high-strength suture options from which to choose. Most of the new anchors tested performed very well.
评估近期推出的缝线和缝线锚钉的单次拉伸至断裂强度及断裂模式。
采用既定方案在新鲜猪的干骺端皮质骨和松质骨槽中测试缝线锚钉。一台英斯特朗材料试验机以12.5毫米/秒的速率沿插入轴方向施加拉伸载荷直至断裂，并计算锚钉的平均断裂强度。记录断裂模式（锚钉拔出、缝线孔眼切断或缝线断裂）。测试的锚钉包括BioRaptor 2.9、BioZip、Super Revo、Impact、同种异体皮质骨锚钉、SpiraLok、Herculon、AxyaLoop钛质锚钉3毫米、5毫米和6.5毫米、AxyaLoop生物可吸收锚钉3毫米、5毫米和6.5毫米、ParaFix钛质锚钉3毫米、5毫米和6.5毫米、ParaSorb生物锚钉3毫米、5.5毫米和6.5毫米以及Bio-Corkscrew FT。缝线也通过既定的断裂载荷方案进行测试。测试的缝线包括Orthocord、Ultrabraid（白色和共编织）、ForceFiber、Hi-Fi、MagnumWire和Maxbraid Polyethylene Plus。
平均断裂载荷如下：BioRaptor为238牛，BioZip为366牛，双加载Super Revo为486牛，三加载Super Revo为362牛，Impact为202牛，同种异体皮质骨锚钉为240牛，SpiraLok为289牛，Herculon为819牛，AxyaLoop钛质锚钉3.0毫米（335牛）、5.0毫米（485牛）和6.5毫米（465牛），AxyaLoop生物可吸收锚钉3毫米（143牛）、5毫米（395牛）和6.5毫米（369牛），ParaFix钛质锚钉3毫米（335牛）、5毫米（485牛）和6.5毫米（465牛），ParaSorb生物锚钉3毫米（143牛）、5.5毫米（395牛）和6.5毫米（369牛），以及Bio-Corkscrew FT（260牛）。所有缝线均在远离夹具的测试线股中点处断裂。2号Orthocord的平均缝线强度为92牛；2号Ultrabraid共编织和白色的强度分别为265牛和280牛；2号Force Fiber的强度为289牛，2号Hi-Fi的强度为250牛，2号MagnumWire的强度为303牛，2号Maxbraid Polyethylene Plus的强度为256牛。
与编织聚酯缝线相比，新型缝线产品在断裂载荷值方面有显著提高。金属锚钉与生物可降解锚钉以及螺旋型与非螺旋型设计相比，断裂载荷值仍然更高。
偏好更强缝线的外科医生现在有几种高强度缝线可供选择。大多数测试的新型锚钉表现良好。
