Anyanwu E, Watson N A
Aston University, Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Birmingham, UK.
Acta Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam. 1996;46(3):177-84.
This research paper reports a case study of two male photosensitive epileptic patients, aged 14 and 16 years old respectively, whose epileptic seizures were often triggered by the flickers from television and video games respectively. The 14-year old patient had no family history of epilepsy, while the 16 year old had a family history of epilepsy. A comprehensive electroencephalogram (EEG), including hyperventilation, intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) and pattern stimulation were carried out on them and EEG abnormalities including photoparoxysmal responses (PPR) and generalized myoclonic responses were evoked. A thorough analysis of the EEG morphology of the myclonic responses and the clinical manifestations showed evidence of two separate entitles of seizures namely: visually evoked pattern-myoclonic responses (PTMR) and visually evoked photomyoclonic responses (PMR). PTMR was independent of flash rate and occurred before a PPR and at the same time as the flash rate, while PMR occurred after the PPR and was dependent on flash rate. These findings suggest that "Video Game" epilepsy is probably a pattern sensitive epilepsy, electronic screen being the source of the triggering patterns; hence, the morphology and the family histories and the myoclonic phenomena differ from those of pure photosensitive epilepsy.
本研究报告了一例对两名男性光敏性癫痫患者的案例研究，他们分别为14岁和16岁，其癫痫发作常分别由电视和电子游戏的闪烁引发。14岁患者无癫痫家族史，而16岁患者有癫痫家族史。对他们进行了全面的脑电图（EEG）检查，包括过度换气、间歇性光刺激（IPS）和模式刺激，诱发了包括光阵发性反应（PPR）和全身性肌阵挛反应在内的EEG异常。对肌阵挛反应的EEG形态和临床表现进行深入分析，发现有两种不同类型的癫痫发作，即：视觉诱发模式性肌阵挛反应（PTMR）和视觉诱发光肌阵挛反应（PMR）。PTMR与闪光频率无关，在PPR之前出现且与闪光频率同步，而PMR在PPR之后出现且依赖于闪光频率。这些发现表明，“电子游戏”癫痫可能是一种模式敏感性癫痫，电子屏幕是触发模式的来源；因此，其形态、家族史和肌阵挛现象与单纯光敏性癫痫不同。
