Dragovich D, Tamburlini G, Alisjahbana A, Kambarami R, Karagulova J, Lincetto O, Malla D S, Mello M J, Vani N S
Bureau for International Health, Istituto per l'Infanzia, Trieste, Italy.
Acta Paediatr. 1997 Jun;86(6):645-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08949.x.
Hypothermia is a common problem in neonates, particularly in developing countries where it is an important contributory factor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. An evaluation of the knowledge and practices of health professionals on the thermal control of newborns was carried out in seven countries: Brazil, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mozambique, Nepal and Zimbabwe. The evaluation, conceived as a preliminary phase for a one-day training course on thermal control, involved 28 health facilities and 260 health professionals (61 doctors and 199 nurses and midwives). It included an assessment of thermal control practices carried out in each health facility by external investigators and a questionnaire on knowledge about thermoregulation administered to health professionals involved in newborn care. The findings of the evaluation were consistent across countries and showed that thermal control practices were frequently inadequate in the following areas: ensuring a warm environment at the time of delivery; initiation of breastfeeding and contact with mother, bathing; checking the baby's temperature; thermal protection of low birth weight babies, and care during transport. Knowledge on thermal control was also insufficient, especially concerning the physiology of thermoregulation and criteria for defining hypothermia. During the one-day course that followed the evaluation, participants were able to recognize the existing gaps and to identify appropriate interventions. Knowledge and practice on the thermal control of the newborn are currently insufficient. However, awareness of the importance of thermal control and basic knowledge on thermal regulation and thermal protection can be easily acquired and on this basis motivation for improving thermal control practices can be developed.
体温过低是新生儿中常见的问题，在发展中国家尤为如此，它是导致新生儿死亡和发病的一个重要因素。在巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、哈萨克斯坦、莫桑比克、尼泊尔和津巴布韦这七个国家，对卫生专业人员在新生儿体温控制方面的知识和做法进行了评估。该评估被视为为期一天的体温控制培训课程的初步阶段，涉及28个卫生机构和260名卫生专业人员（61名医生以及199名护士和助产士）。评估包括由外部调查人员对每个卫生机构的体温控制做法进行评估，以及向参与新生儿护理的卫生专业人员发放一份关于体温调节知识的问卷。评估结果在各国是一致的，表明在以下方面体温控制做法常常不足：分娩时确保温暖的环境；开始母乳喂养以及与母亲接触、洗澡；检查婴儿体温；对低体重儿的体温保护以及转运期间的护理。关于体温控制的知识也不足，尤其是在体温调节生理学和体温过低定义标准方面。在评估之后为期一天的课程中，参与者能够认识到存在的差距并确定适当的干预措施。目前，新生儿体温控制方面的知识和做法不足。然而，对体温控制重要性的认识以及关于体温调节和体温保护的基本知识可以很容易地获得，在此基础上可以激发改善体温控制做法的动力。
