Abdollahi M, Jalali N, Sabzevari O, Hoseini R, Ghanea T
Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1997;35(4):387-93. doi: 10.3109/15563659709043371.
To examine the causes and mortality of poisoning in Tehran.
The 7000 poisoning cases referred to Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran over six months in 1994 were evaluated retrospectively.
The overall female to male ratio was 1.8:1. Most poisonings occurred in the age range 2-6 y for children and 21-40 y for adults. Oral ingestion was the most common route of intoxication. In children, boys had a higher frequency of poisonings than girls. Most cases of children were referred to the hospital between 8 am and 8 pm. In adults referred to the hospital, there was little diurnal variation in poisoning presentations. In adults, drugs were the most common cause of intoxication (60.2%). Of these, benzodiazepines (24.5%) were the most frequent, followed by antidepressants (20.5%) and analgesics (18%). Pesticide and opiate intoxications were also commonly observed. In children, after drugs (32.1%), hydrocarbons were the most frequent cause of poisoning (19.2%). Pesticide poisonings were most often fatal (19.2%), followed by barbiturates (18.6%) and opiates (16.2%). Organophosphate insecticides were responsible for 57% of total pesticide poisoning cases. Of the deaths, 87.5% were attributed to suicide.
The majority of poisoning cases in adults occur intentionally and in children accidentally.
调查德黑兰中毒的原因及死亡率。
对1994年六个月内转诊至德黑兰洛格曼 - 哈基姆医院的7000例中毒病例进行回顾性评估。
总体男女比例为1.8:1。大多数中毒事件发生在儿童2 - 6岁年龄段以及成人21 - 40岁年龄段。经口摄入是最常见的中毒途径。在儿童中，男孩中毒频率高于女孩。大多数儿童病例在上午8点至晚上8点之间被送往医院。在转诊至医院的成人中，中毒表现的昼夜差异不大。在成人中，药物是最常见的中毒原因（60.2%）。其中，苯二氮䓬类药物（24.5%）最为常见，其次是抗抑郁药（20.5%）和镇痛药（18%）。农药和阿片类药物中毒也较为常见。在儿童中，除药物（32.1%）外，碳氢化合物是最常见的中毒原因（19.2%）。农药中毒致死率最高（19.2%），其次是巴比妥类药物（18.6%）和阿片类药物（16.2%）。有机磷杀虫剂占农药中毒总病例的57%。在死亡病例中，87.5%归因于自杀。
成人中毒病例大多为故意中毒，儿童则多为意外中毒。
