Jilg W
Institut f. Hygiene u. Mikrobiologie der Univ. Regensburg.
Fortschr Med. 1997 Apr 10;115(10):26, 29-32, 33.
In the 14 years that have passed since its introduction, the hepatitis B vaccine has proved to be highly immunogenic, effective and very well tolerated. The vaccination, previously performed only in persons at high risk of contracting hepatitis B, in particular medical personnel, has appreciably reduced the incidence of hepatitis B in this group. The incidence of the disease in the general population, however, has been reduced only marginally. Thus, the sole possibility of resolving the hepatitis B problem is to introduce general vaccination. To this end, the The Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) has included hepatitis B vaccination in the catalog of vaccinations for children and adolescents. The greatest importance must probably attach to vaccination of young children, in whom hepatitis B vaccination is carried out along the same lines as the diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccination, within the framework of which it can therefore be administered, thus making possible a wide application. However, the 12-15 year-old age group should also be involved in the vaccination program, for this is the group on the threshold of the periods of greatest danger of infection, which begins with the initiation of first sexual relationships.
自引入以来的14年里，乙肝疫苗已被证明具有高度免疫原性、有效性且耐受性良好。此前，乙肝疫苗仅针对感染乙肝高危人群接种，尤其是医务人员，这显著降低了该群体中乙肝的发病率。然而，普通人群中乙肝的发病率仅略有下降。因此，解决乙肝问题的唯一办法是推行普遍接种。为此，德国常设疫苗委员会（STIKO）已将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童和青少年疫苗接种目录。对幼儿接种疫苗或许最为重要，乙肝疫苗与白喉、百日咳和破伤风疫苗的接种方式相同，因此可以在这些疫苗接种的框架内进行，从而得以广泛应用。然而，12至15岁年龄组也应纳入疫苗接种计划，因为这一年龄组正处于感染风险最高时期的起始阶段，这一阶段始于首次发生性行为。
