Tang X, Edenharder R
Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany.
Food Chem Toxicol. 1997 Mar-Apr;35(3-4):373-8. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(97)00126-9.
When 21 vitamins including related compounds haemin, chlorophyllin, chlorophyll, biliverdin and bilirubin, as well as juices from five fruits and 25 vegetables and solvent extracts from the residues of fruits and vegetables were tested for their antimutagenic potencies with respect to mutagenicity induced by 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) and 1-nitropyrene(1-NP) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 the following results were obtained. The tetracyclic nitroarenes 3-NFA and 1-NP were in general more effectively antagonized by potent antimutagenic compounds than the tricyclic 2-NF. beta-Carotene, retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, retinol palmitate, riboflavin 5'-phosphate, alpha-tocopherol, vitamins B12, C, K1 and K3 as well as biliverdin, bilirubin, chlorophyll, chlorophyllin and haemin exerted antimutagenicity against the nitroarenes cited previously. All other vitamins were inactive. While part of the juices were inactive, juices from cauliflower, carrots, chives, radishes and spinach exerted weak antimutagenic activities. However, weak to moderate co-mutagenic effects were seen with grapes, kiwi, pineapple, eggplant, celeriac, chicory greens, fennel leaves and radishes and strong effects with peppers which were not caused by the presence of growth-promoting factors. Most solvent fractions were inactive but fractions containing chlorophyll exerted antimutagenicity.
当检测21种维生素（包括相关化合物血红素、叶绿酸、叶绿素、胆绿素和胆红素）以及5种水果和25种蔬菜的汁液，还有水果和蔬菜残渣的溶剂提取物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98中由2-硝基芴（2-NF）、3-硝基荧蒽（3-NFA）和1-硝基芘（1-NP）诱导的致突变性的抗诱变能力时，得到了以下结果。四环硝基芳烃3-NFA和1-NP通常比三环的2-NF更有效地被强效抗诱变化合物所拮抗。β-胡萝卜素、视黄醇、视黄醛、视黄酸、视黄醇棕榈酸酯、核黄素5'-磷酸、α-生育酚、维生素B12、C、K1和K3以及胆绿素、胆红素、叶绿素、叶绿酸和血红素对上述硝基芳烃具有抗诱变作用。所有其他维生素均无活性。虽然部分汁液无活性，但花椰菜、胡萝卜、细香葱、萝卜和菠菜的汁液具有微弱的抗诱变活性。然而，葡萄、猕猴桃、菠萝、茄子、块根芹、苦苣叶、茴香叶和萝卜表现出弱至中等的协同诱变作用，辣椒则表现出强烈的协同诱变作用，这并非由生长促进因子的存在所致。大多数溶剂馏分无活性，但含有叶绿素的馏分具有抗诱变作用。
