de Jong A, Strubbe J H, Steffens A B
Am J Physiol. 1977 Nov;233(5):E380-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1977.233.5.E380.
Blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glucagon levels were measured in undisturbed and free-moving rats. The insulin and glucagon levels rise in the 1st min after the beginning of food ingestion, whereas the glucose level begins to increase only in the 3rd min if carbohydrate-rich food is eaten. This early rise in insulin and glucagon level is also observed under conditions in which carbohydrate-free food is eaten. A similar release of insulin and glucagon can be obtained by injection of 0.1 microgram of norepinephrine into the ventromedial hypothalamus, but the same injection made into the lateral hypothalamus causes release of insulin only, whereas injections in other hypothalamic areas are nearly without effect. Similar injections of isoproterenol did not cause changes in insulin, glucagon, and glucose levels. It is suggested that the early insulin and glucagon responses are of reflex origin and that the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamic areas are relay stations in the reflex pathways. The lack of effect of atropine to block the insulin and glucagon responses to noradrenergic stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus indicates that the efferent pathway is not cholinergic.
在未受干扰且自由活动的大鼠身上测量了血糖、血浆胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平。进食开始后的第1分钟，胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平升高，而如果食用富含碳水化合物的食物，血糖水平仅在第3分钟开始升高。在食用无碳水化合物食物的情况下，也观察到胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平的这种早期升高。向腹内侧下丘脑注射0.1微克去甲肾上腺素可获得类似的胰岛素和胰高血糖素释放，但向外侧下丘脑进行相同注射仅导致胰岛素释放，而在其他下丘脑区域注射几乎没有效果。类似的异丙肾上腺素注射并未引起胰岛素、胰高血糖素和血糖水平的变化。有人提出，胰岛素和胰高血糖素的早期反应源于反射，腹内侧和外侧下丘脑区域是反射途径中的中继站。阿托品不能阻断胰岛素和胰高血糖素对腹内侧下丘脑去甲肾上腺素能刺激的反应，这表明传出途径不是胆碱能的。
