Seif R M
Am J Surg. 1977 Nov;134(5):566-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(77)90435-4.
If abnormal liver function tests are added to the classic criteria for expectancy of common bile duct stone, the rate of unexpected common bile duct stone findings should be 1 percent or less. This low rate does not justify the cost of routine operative cholangiography. However, a preexploratory operative cholangiogram should be performed prior to common bile duct exploration in order to avoid negative, and therefore unnecessary, common bile duct explorations.
如果将肝功能检查异常纳入胆总管结石预期的经典标准中，意外发现胆总管结石的发生率应在1%或更低。如此低的发生率并不能证明常规术中胆管造影的成本是合理的。然而，在进行胆总管探查之前应先行探查性术中胆管造影，以避免进行阴性的、因此也是不必要的胆总管探查。
