Medeiros M A, Barros R M, Pieczarka J C, Nagamachi C Y, Ponsa M, Garcia M, Garcia F, Egozcue J
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Am J Primatol. 1997;42(3):167-78. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)42:3<167::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-V.
The chromosomes of 22 animals of four subspecies of the genes Ateles (A. paniscus paniscus, A. p. chamek, A. belzebuth hybridus, and A. b. marginatus) were compared using G/C banding and NOR (nucleolar organizer region) staining methods. The cytogenetic data of Ateles in the literature were also used to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies and to infer the routes of radiation and speciation of these taxa. Chromosomes 6 and 7 that showed more informative geographic variation and the apomorphic form 4/12, exclusively in A. p. paniscus, are the keys for understanding the evolution, radiation, and specification of the Ateles taxa. The ancestral populations of the genus originated in the southwestern Amazon Basin (the occurrence area of A. paniscus chamek) and spread in the Amazon Basin and westward, crossing the Andes and colonizing Central America and northwesternmost regions of South America. The evolutionary history of the northern South American taxa is interpreted using the model of biogeographical evolution postulated by Haffer [Science 185:131-137, 1969]. Ateles paniscus paniscus is the genetically most differentiated form and probably derives from A. belzebuth hybridus. Based on the karyotype differences, the populations of Ateles can be divided into four different groups. These findings indicate the necessity of a more coherent taxonomic arrangement for the taxa of Ateles.
运用G/C分带和核仁组织区（NOR）染色方法，对蛛猴属（Ateles）4个亚种（绒毛蛛猴指名亚种Ateles paniscus paniscus、卡氏蛛猴Ateles p. chamek、杂交蛛猴Ateles belzebuth hybridus和白额蛛猴Ateles b. marginatus）的22只动物的染色体进行了比较。还利用文献中蛛猴属的细胞遗传学数据来阐明该属物种和亚种的系统发育关系，并推断这些分类单元的辐射和物种形成途径。6号和7号染色体表现出更丰富的地理变异，且仅在绒毛蛛猴指名亚种中出现的4/12的独特形态，是理解蛛猴属分类单元进化、辐射和物种形成的关键。该属的祖先种群起源于亚马孙盆地西南部（卡氏蛛猴的分布区域），并在亚马孙盆地扩散，然后向西传播，穿越安第斯山脉，在中美洲和南美洲最西北部地区定居。南美洲北部分类单元的进化历史是根据哈弗提出的生物地理进化模型来解释的[《科学》185:131 - 137，1969年]。绒毛蛛猴指名亚种是遗传上差异最大的形态，可能起源于杂交蛛猴。基于核型差异，蛛猴种群可分为四个不同的组。这些发现表明，有必要对蛛猴属的分类单元进行更连贯的分类安排。
