Tomezsko J E, Sand P K
Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Evanston Continence Center, Evanston Hospital, Illinois, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 1997 Jun;24(2):343-68.
Pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the puerperium cause many changes in the urinary and genital tracts. The management of lower urinary tract symptoms, disease, and genital prolapse during and after pregnancy is controversial. Patients treated surgically for incontinence, genital prolapse, and lower urinary tract reconstruction present a challenge to the obstetrician and other doctors caring for them during pregnancy. This article reviews the literature on the effect of pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the puerperium on lower urinary and genital tract disease. Preventive methods to reduce subsequent pelvic floor muscle damage and urinary and fecal incontinence are reviewed. The management of pregnant women with antecedent urinary and genital tract abnormalities also are summarized.
怀孕、分娩、生产及产褥期会导致泌尿生殖道发生诸多变化。孕期及产后下尿路症状、疾病和生殖器脱垂的处理存在争议。因尿失禁、生殖器脱垂及下尿路重建接受手术治疗的患者，给产科医生及孕期照顾她们的其他医生带来了挑战。本文回顾了关于怀孕、分娩、生产及产褥期对下泌尿生殖道疾病影响的文献。对减少后续盆底肌损伤及尿失禁和粪失禁的预防方法进行了综述。还总结了患有既往泌尿生殖道异常的孕妇的处理方法。
