食线虫真菌对羊粪的侵染及其对控制胃肠道线虫自由生活阶段的意义。

Infestation of sheep dung by nematophagous fungi and implications for the control of free-living stages of gastro-intestinal nematodes.

作者信息

Hay F S, Niezen J H, Miller C, Bateson L, Robertson H

机构信息

AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

出版信息

Vet Parasitol. 1997 Jul 1;70(4):247-54. doi: 10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01149-1.

DOI:10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01149-1

PMID:9211650

Abstract

A field trial was conducted to assess the rate at which dung becomes infested by fungi which parasitise nematodes (nematophagous fungi) after deposition. Sheep dung was placed on field plots of bare ground, ryegrass (Lolium perenne), browntop (Agrostis capillaris) and white clover (Trifolium repens) in summer (February) and autumn (April), and subsamples were examined at intervals for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Nematophagous fungi occurred in 71% of 129 samples recovered in February and 57% of 58 samples recovered in April. Arthrobotrys oligospora, Monacrosporium candidum and Nematoctonus spp. were the most frequently isolated nematode-trapping fungi in both seasons. The endoparasitic nematophagous fungus Harposporium leptospira also occurred frequently in dung deposited in February, but not April. Fungi entered dung quickly, with 83% and 58% of dung samples containing nematophagous fungi at 3 days after deposition in February and April, respectively. The percentage of dung infested by nematophagous fungi on plots of bare ground, ryegrass, white clover and browntop was 76%, 75%, 61% and 55%, respectively. Results suggest that a number of species of nematophagous fungi are able to enter dung soon after deposition on a variety of types of ground cover.

摘要

进行了一项田间试验，以评估粪便在沉积后被寄生于线虫的真菌（食线虫真菌）侵染的速率。夏季（2月）和秋季（4月），将羊粪放置在裸地、黑麦草（多年生黑麦草）、棕顶草（细弱翦股颖）和白三叶草（白车轴草）的田间地块上，并定期对子样本进行检查，以确定是否存在食线虫真菌。在2月采集的129个样本中，71%发现有食线虫真菌；在4月采集的58个样本中，57%发现有食线虫真菌。少孢节丛孢、白色单顶孢和线虫菌属是两个季节中最常分离到的捕食线虫真菌。内寄生性食线虫真菌细螺旋哈氏孢菌在2月沉积的粪便中也经常出现，但在4月没有。真菌很快进入粪便，2月和4月粪便沉积3天后，分别有83%和58%的粪便样本含有食线虫真菌。裸地、黑麦草、白三叶草和棕顶草地块上被食线虫真菌侵染的粪便百分比分别为76%、75%、61%和55%。结果表明，多种食线虫真菌能够在沉积到各种类型的地被物上后不久进入粪便。