Hirth L, Goedde H W
Anthropol Anz. 1977 Aug;36(1):51-7.
320 adults and 100 family tercettes from the area of Hamburg were studied concerning the distribution and frequency of different lip patterns as well as special structures of lip ridges (whorls). Dividing the material in three phenotypic classes the phenotype corresponding to less wrinkle intensity was found to be most frequent. Simple branching ridges and complicated phenotypes were present in almost similar frequency. The complicated patterns as well as structural details were more frequent among males. In the family tercettes, the offsprings from parents with less branching patterns showed a wide range of variation. Dominant genetic factors could be suggested for the manifestation of paramedial double whorls on the lower lip. Embryological considerations as well as studies by Hirth et al. (1977) agree to these interpretations.
对来自汉堡地区的320名成年人和100个家庭三联组进行了研究，以了解不同唇纹的分布和频率以及唇嵴（涡纹）的特殊结构。将材料分为三个表型类别后，发现对应皱纹强度较小的表型最为常见。简单分支嵴和复杂表型的出现频率几乎相似。复杂模式以及结构细节在男性中更为常见。在家庭三联组中，父母分支模式较少的后代表现出广泛的变异性。可以推测存在显性遗传因素导致下唇出现内侧双涡纹。胚胎学方面的考虑以及赫思等人（1977年）的研究都支持这些解释。
