Wilson S P, Hyne R V
Ecotoxicology Section, Environment Protection Authority NSW, EPA/UTS Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology-Sydney, Australia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1997 Jun;37(1):30-6. doi: 10.1006/eesa.1996.1514.
The toxicity of leachate water from acid-sulfate soil to the early embryonic development of the Sydney Rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis, was assessed. Concentrations of acid-sulfate soil leachate water as low as 3.3% in seawater were found to decrease the normal development of oyster embryos after 48 hr exposure, and this effect could not be attributed to any significant change in pH or salinity. An EC50 value for the acid-sulfate soil leachate water of 2.5 to 2.9% in seawater was obtained, and the no observed effect concentration was determined at a concentration of 2% in seawater. In tests conducted with aluminum added to seawater, a significant decrease in the percentage of embryos developed to the D-veliger stage occurred at concentrations of 150 micrograms/liter and greater, with no effects at 100 micrograms/liter. An EC50 of 225 micrograms/liter for the effect of added aluminum on embryo survival was obtained and all embryos showed developmental abnormalities at concentrations of 400 micrograms/liter and greater. A significant decrease in the embryonic development occurred when the fertilized eggs were incubated in pH-adjusted seawater at pH values < or = 6.75, but no significant effects were found at pH 7.0 or above. Since aluminum was present in high concentrations in the acid-sulfate soil leachate water, it was concluded that aluminum was the main toxicant in the acid-sulfate water that disrupted the oyster embryonic development.
评估了酸性硫酸盐土壤渗滤液对悉尼岩蚝（Saccostrea commercialis）早期胚胎发育的毒性。在暴露48小时后，发现海水中酸性硫酸盐土壤渗滤液浓度低至3.3%就会降低牡蛎胚胎的正常发育，且这种影响不能归因于pH值或盐度的任何显著变化。获得了海水中酸性硫酸盐土壤渗滤液的半数有效浓度（EC50）值为2.5%至2.9%，且确定在海水中浓度为2%时为无观察到影响浓度。在向海水中添加铝的试验中，当铝浓度达到150微克/升及以上时，发育到D形幼虫阶段的胚胎百分比显著下降，而在100微克/升时无影响。添加铝对胚胎存活影响的EC50为225微克/升，且在浓度达到400微克/升及以上时所有胚胎均出现发育异常。当受精卵在pH值≤6.75的pH调节海水中孵化时，胚胎发育显著下降，但在pH值为7.0及以上时未发现显著影响。由于酸性硫酸盐土壤渗滤液中铝含量很高，得出结论：铝是酸性硫酸盐水中破坏牡蛎胚胎发育的主要有毒物质。
