Banks E C, Ferretti L E, Shucard D W
Department of Neurology, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medical and Biomedical Sciences 14203, USA.
Neurotoxicology. 1997;18(1):237-81.
Low level lead exposure, at levels currently found in significant numbers of children in the U.S., has been associated with decreases in IQ and other cognitive test scores in children, as well as with decreases in developmental test scores in infants. The precise nature of the cognitive deficits is not clear. This paper reviews epidemiological and developmental neurocognitive effects of lead and addresses methodological issues that may have contributed to differences in interpretation of previous research. In an attempt to provide a rationale for the lead-related deficits reported for humans, we have reviewed studies of lead-related behavioral and electrophysiological effects seen in animals as well as findings from studies that have examined the effects of lead exposure on neurochemical subcellular and cellular mechanisms. Based on these data, future strategies are suggested for determining the possible effects of low-level lead exposure on neurocognitive functioning in children.
在美国，目前大量儿童体内的铅暴露水平较低，这种低水平铅暴露已被证实与儿童智商及其他认知测试分数降低有关，同时也与婴儿发育测试分数降低有关。认知缺陷的确切性质尚不清楚。本文回顾了铅的流行病学和发育神经认知效应，并探讨了可能导致以往研究解释存在差异的方法学问题。为了给人类中报告的与铅相关的缺陷提供一个理论依据，我们回顾了动物身上与铅相关的行为和电生理效应的研究，以及研究铅暴露对神经化学亚细胞和细胞机制影响的研究结果。基于这些数据，我们提出了未来的策略，以确定低水平铅暴露对儿童神经认知功能的可能影响。
