Lontai I
National Institute of Public Health, Budapest, Hungary.
Vaccine. 1997 Spring;15 Suppl:S16-9. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00313-1.
In Europe, from the late 1970s, the main reservoirs of rabies virus have been wild animals, mainly foxes, except in Turkey, where dog rabies account for almost all cases. Between 1977 and 1994, 198 human rabies cases were reported in Europe. In most of these cases vaccination had not been performed. In Europe, both tissue culture and nerve tissue vaccines are used with or without rabies immunoglobulin or serum, though the tissue culture vaccines have largely replaced the nerve tissue vaccines. In Hungary, where immune serum or immunoglobulin is not prescribed, no cases of human rabies among actively vaccinated individuals have been reported in the last 40 years of observation. There have, however, been two cases in which the cat, the source of infection, proved to be negative for rabies using both the fluorescent antibody and mouse inoculation tests, and therefore vaccination either did not start or was interrupted. These cases clearly question the recommendation, that a report from a reliable laboratory, indicating negative results justify cessation of treatment.
在欧洲，自20世纪70年代末以来，狂犬病病毒的主要宿主一直是野生动物，主要是狐狸，但土耳其除外，在土耳其，几乎所有病例都是犬类狂犬病。1977年至1994年期间，欧洲报告了198例人类狂犬病病例。在大多数这些病例中，并未进行疫苗接种。在欧洲，组织培养疫苗和神经组织疫苗都有使用，有的还会联合使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白或血清，不过组织培养疫苗已在很大程度上取代了神经组织疫苗。在匈牙利，未开具免疫血清或免疫球蛋白，在过去40年的观察期内，主动接种疫苗的个体中未报告过人类狂犬病病例。然而，有两例病例中，感染源猫经荧光抗体试验和小鼠接种试验检测均显示狂犬病呈阴性，因此要么未开始接种疫苗，要么接种过程被中断。这些病例显然对一项建议提出了质疑，即来自可靠实验室的报告显示阴性结果就证明可以停止治疗。
