O'Brien T S, Hart T S, Gould J S
Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997 Jul(340):26-33. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199707000-00005.
The immune mediated pathologic effects of rheumatoid arthritis on osteoarticular tissues are well delineated in the orthopaedic and medical literature. Less well explored are the extraosseous manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. The rheumatoid disease process can affect virtually any organ system or tissue in the human body; from scleritis, arteritis, and splenomegaly to neuropathy, bursitis, and tendinopathy. The scope of this treatise is to define better for the clinician the extraosseous presentation of rheumatoid arthritis in the foot and ankle.
类风湿关节炎对骨与关节组织的免疫介导病理效应在骨科和医学文献中已有详尽描述。类风湿关节炎的骨外表现则较少受到关注。类风湿疾病进程实际上可影响人体的任何器官系统或组织，从巩膜炎、动脉炎和脾肿大到神经病变、滑囊炎和肌腱病。本论文的目的是为临床医生更清晰地界定类风湿关节炎在足踝部的骨外表现。
