Comparison of 49 laparoscopic myomectomies with 49 open myomectomies.

STUDY OBJECTIVES

To compare the results of open myomectomy with those of laparoscopic myomectomy, and to assess complications, surgical results, total hospital cost, and morbidity associated with each procedure.

DESIGN

Retrospective chart review.

SETTING

Private practice of one surgeon, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois.

PATIENTS

Ninety-eight women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomata.

INTERVENTIONS

Forty-nine consecutive laparoscopic myomectomies were performed between 1993 and 1995, and 49 open myomectomies were performed between 1983 and 1995.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

Indications for both procedures were similar, including menometrorrhagia, pelvic pain, and enlarging myomata. Mean operating time for open myomectomies was 133 minutes versus 264 minutes for laparoscopies (p <0.0001). Mean blood loss was 340 ml and 110 ml, respectively (p <0. 001). The greatest blood loss was 1000 ml in the open group and 800 ml in the laparoscopic group. Uterine size at surgery was 12 to 14 weeks in 42.9% of the open group and 9 to 11 weeks in 51% of the laparoscopy group. The open group incurred a total of 272 hospital days versus 29 days in the laparoscopic group (maximum 25 and 3 days, respectively; mean 5.6 and 0.6 days, respectively; p <0.001). The frequency of postoperative complications was higher in the open group (17) than in the laparoscopic group (5, p = 0.0068). Of patients in whom postoperative adhesions were evaluated, the overall frequency of adhesions was lower in the laparoscopic group. Three women in the open group required postoperative transfusions, compared with none in the laparoscopic group. Seven pregnancies have thus far occurred in the laparoscopic group. Three women delivered at term by elective cesarean section, at which no evidence of uterine dehiscence was found. Estimated average cost of each procedure, expressed in April 1995 dollars using the Consumer Price Index, were $14,461 for open myomectomies and $13,814 for laparoscopies (p = 0.65). Linear regression with residual analysis was performed on costs for both groups and revealed significantly increasing time trend for open myomectomies. During the years of this study, the open procedures increased in price at a rate of $868/year. The cost of laparoscopic myomectomies showed no time trend.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with open myomectomy, laparoscopic myomectomy had lower morbidity, no identifiable trend of increasing hospital cost, minimal hospital stay, and fewer complications.