Frush D P, Siegel M J, Bisset G S
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Radiographics. 1997 Jul-Aug;17(4):939-59. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.17.4.9225392.
Spiral technology has expanded the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of pediatric diseases. Even though spiral CT requires shorter total scanning times, image degradation by patient motion is still a problem in very young patients, and oral and intravenous sedatives are administered to minimize this problem. Optimal parenchymal enhancement depends on the amount and injection rate of contrast material and the timing of the onset of scanning. All these are more variable in studies of children than in adults, with the latter being the most complicated. Spiral CT of the pediatric chest is most useful for evaluating anastomotic dehiscence and stenosis in lung transplant recipients, pulmonary nodules in children with malignant disease likely to disseminate to the lung, and great vessel anomalies; for staging pulmonary tumors; and for dynamic imaging to identify various diseases that cause pulmonary dysfunction. Important applications of spiral CT of the pediatric abdomen and pelvis include evaluating the liver for acquired vascular abnormalities and vascular tumors, staging and preoperative assessment of renal tumors, and evaluating inflammatory pelvic lesions.
螺旋技术扩大了计算机断层扫描（CT）在儿科疾病评估中的应用价值。尽管螺旋CT所需的总扫描时间较短，但在非常年幼的患者中，患者运动导致的图像质量下降仍是一个问题，因此需要使用口服和静脉镇静剂来尽量减少这一问题。实质强化的优化取决于对比剂的用量、注射速率以及扫描开始的时间。所有这些在儿童研究中比在成人研究中更具变数，而成人研究是最复杂的。儿科胸部螺旋CT最有助于评估肺移植受者的吻合口裂开和狭窄、可能扩散至肺部的恶性疾病患儿的肺结节以及大血管异常；用于肺部肿瘤的分期；以及用于动态成像以识别导致肺功能障碍的各种疾病。儿科腹部和骨盆螺旋CT的重要应用包括评估肝脏是否存在后天性血管异常和血管肿瘤、肾肿瘤的分期和术前评估以及评估炎性盆腔病变。
