Williams J R
Department of Medical Physics and Medical Engineering, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Br J Radiol. 1997 May;70(833):498-503. doi: 10.1259/bjr.70.833.9227232.
Staff doses arising from the use of X-rays are principally due to scattered radiation. This is related to the dose received by the patient expressed as the dose-area product (DAP). Doses to patients in interventional radiology are generally higher than for other fluoroscopically guided procedures. Doses to interventional radiologists are, therefore, amongst the highest associated with the use of diagnostic X-rays. The results of staff dose monitoring normalized to DAP should provide an indicator of those procedures which are associated with particularly high radiation exposures to staff, and should help to identify those radiologists whose practice may result in unnecessarily high doses to themselves. A study has been made of patient doses in two X-ray rooms used for interventional procedures associated with vascular and liver diseases. Doses to radiologists in these rooms were normalized to DAP. It was found that the average doses to the body, neck and hands were 0.05, 0.89 and 2.45 microSv/(Gy cm2), respectively for those radiologists with no significant involvement in hepatobiliary procedures. Higher doses were found for one radiologist whose workload included biliary drainage. The whole body dose was 0.17 microSv/(Gy cm2) or 5.8 mSv per year. It was shown that the doses to the neck and hands for the biliary drainage work was 6.59 and 29.0 microSv/(Gy cm2), respectively. This study has demonstrated the value of DAP as a measure of radiologist workload in respect of its significance in terms of staff dose.
因使用X射线而产生的工作人员剂量主要归因于散射辐射。这与患者所接受的剂量（以剂量面积乘积（DAP）表示）相关。介入放射学中患者所接受的剂量通常高于其他透视引导程序中的剂量。因此，介入放射科医生所接受的剂量是与诊断性X射线使用相关的最高剂量之一。将工作人员剂量监测结果标准化为DAP，应能提供与工作人员特别高辐射暴露相关的程序指标，并有助于识别那些其操作可能给自己带来不必要高剂量的放射科医生。对两个用于与血管和肝脏疾病相关介入程序的X射线室中的患者剂量进行了一项研究。这些房间中放射科医生的剂量被标准化为DAP。结果发现，对于那些没有大量参与肝胆程序的放射科医生，身体、颈部和手部的平均剂量分别为0.05、0.89和2.45微希沃特/（戈瑞·平方厘米）。发现一名工作量包括胆管引流的放射科医生的剂量更高。全身剂量为0.17微希沃特/（戈瑞·平方厘米）或每年5.8毫希沃特。结果表明，胆管引流工作中颈部和手部的剂量分别为6.59和29.0微希沃特/（戈瑞·平方厘米）。这项研究证明了DAP作为放射科医生工作量衡量指标的价值，因为它在工作人员剂量方面具有重要意义。
