Gralak M A, Kamalu T, von Keyserlingk M A, Kulasek G W
Dept. of Animal Physiology, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland.
Arch Tierernahr. 1997;50(2):173-85. doi: 10.1080/17450399709386129.
A study was undertaken to determine the rumen DM and CP degradability characteristics of soyabean, canola seed, peanut, palm kernel and Leucaena leucocephala leaves. The oilseeds were either treated with n-hexane to extract the fat or left untreated. Nylon bags were incubated in each of four rumen cannulated sheep for 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Animals were fed on a diet consisting of meadow hay (ad libitum) and 150 g of concentrate twice daily. Fat extraction caused a decrease (P < or = 0.05) in DM disappearance of soyabean at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h and of peanuts at all incubation times. CP disappearance from peanuts was reduced (P < or = 0.05) as a result of fat extraction at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 12 h. Fat extraction of canola seed increased CP disappearance at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h (P < or = 0.05). However, in the case of defatted canola seed, an increase in DM disappearance (P < or = 0.05) was observed in the first 4 incubation times and a decrease (P < or = 0.05) in the later times. Fat extraction increased (P < or = 0.05) DM disappearance of palm kernel at 0 and 48 h, but reduced it at 4, 6 and 24 h. CP disappearance of palm kernel was improved by treatment (P < or = 0.05) at 0, 4, 24 and 48 h and decreased at 12 h. In the case of palm kernel the largest differences in DM and CP disappearance occurred between the 24 and 48 h incubation times. Degradability characteristics for DM and CP of full-fat soyabean, canola seed and peanut were comparable to those of the full fat samples. Effective DM degradability of soyabean, canola seed and peanuts was 72.2 and 71.9; 74.1 and 66.8; and 85.9 and 70.8 for full fat and extracted feeds, respectively. Effective CP degradability was similar in all oilseeds with the exception of the extracted canola seed. Therefore, the incorporation of full-fat soyabean, canola seed and peanut into ruminant rations can be considered as a means of increasing the energy balance. Both palm kernel DM and CP degradabilities were characterized by slow rates of degradation by negative values "b". This suggests the predominance of microbial colonization over disappearance during incubation. DM and CP disappearance of Leucaena leucocephala leaves originating from Cuba were lower than those from Nigeria. Degradability characteristics for CP and DM of Cuban leucaena leaves showed that the linear model resulted in a better fit than the exponential one.
开展了一项研究，以确定大豆、油菜籽、花生、棕榈仁以及银合欢叶在瘤胃中的干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）降解特性。这些油籽要么用正己烷处理以提取脂肪，要么不做处理。将尼龙袋在4只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊的瘤胃中分别培养0、2、4、6、12、24和48小时。动物每日两次饲喂由草地干草（随意采食）和150克精饲料组成的日粮。脂肪提取导致大豆在0、2、4、6和12小时以及花生在所有培养时间的DM消失量减少（P≤0.05）。由于在0、2、4、6和12小时进行脂肪提取，花生的CP消失量减少（P≤0.05）。油菜籽的脂肪提取在0、2、4、6和24小时增加了CP消失量（P≤0.05）。然而，对于脱脂油菜籽，在前4个培养时间观察到DM消失量增加（P≤0.05），而在随后的时间减少（P≤0.05）。脂肪提取在0和48小时增加了棕榈仁的DM消失量（P≤0.05），但在4、6和24小时减少了。棕榈仁的CP消失量在0、4、24和48小时经处理后得到改善（P≤0.05），而在12小时减少。对于棕榈仁，DM和CP消失量在24和48小时培养时间之间差异最大。全脂大豆、油菜籽和花生的DM和CP降解特性与全脂样品相当。全脂和提取脂肪后的大豆、油菜籽和花生的有效DM降解率分别为72.2和71.9；74.1和66.8；85.9和70.8。除了提取脂肪后的油菜籽外，所有油籽的有效CP降解率相似。因此，将全脂大豆、油菜籽和花生纳入反刍动物日粮可被视为增加能量平衡的一种方式。棕榈仁的DM和CP降解率均以负值“b”表示降解速度缓慢。这表明在培养期间微生物定殖占主导地位，超过了消失量。源自古巴的银合欢叶的DM和CP消失量低于源自尼日利亚的。古巴银合欢叶的CP和DM降解特性表明，线性模型比指数模型拟合得更好。
