Bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils.

Inoculation of soil with bacteria (a Gram-negative rod [PD2] and a 4-membered consortium [DC1]) accelerated mineralisation of phenanthrene and pyrene (but not naphthalene) added individually to a pristine sand and a pristine organic soil. The half-life of naphthalene was 3.5 days in both soils whether inoculated or non-inoculated. However, the half-life of phenanthrene decreased from 86 days in non-inoculated sand soil and 80 days in the non-inoculated organic soil to 3.6 days in the sand and 3.1 days in organic soil when inoculated with PD2, and to 6.6 days in the sand and 8.7 days in the organic soil when inoculated with DC1. Phenanthrene mineralisation ceased after 23 days in DC1-inoculated soil and was 71.3 +/- 3.6% (sand) and 63.3 +/- 2.8% (organic). This compared with 96.8 +/- 3.8% (sand) 102.8 +/- 2.5% (organic) after 8 days in PD2-inoculated soil. Inoculation with DC1 (but not PD2) also accelerated mineralisation of pyrene, where the half-life decreased from 155 days to 18 days in the sand soil, and from 216 days to 33 days in organic soil.