Emergency admission of patients to general surgical beds: attitudes of general practitioners, surgical trainees, and consultants in Liverpool, UK.

OBJECTIVES

To determine (a) whether doctors involved in the process of emergency surgical admission could agree about which patients should be admitted, (b) whether there were consistent differences between doctors in different specialty groups, and (c) whether these opinions were greatly influenced by non-clinical factors.

DESIGN

Independent assessment of summarised case histories by three "expert" clinicians (two consultant surgeons and one general practitioner (GP)), by a group of 10 GPs, and by a group of 10 junior and senior surgeons. Experts, but not other observers, scored admissions both independently and as a consensus group. Observers indicated for each patient whether they would admit, would not admit, or were unsure.

SETTING

An urban general hospital with teaching status.

SUBJECTS

Fifty consecutive patients admitted to the general surgical unit as emergencies during 1995.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Proportion of admissions considered unnecessary or uncertain: agreement between observers on these proportions: effect of social and procedural factors on the admission decision.

RESULTS

Between 8 and 34% of admissions were considered unnecessary and 20-38% of unclear necessity. Agreement between the groups of clinicians was not good. GPs and consultant surgeons showed the poorest agreement (kappa = 0.08 to 0.25, 4 comparisons), and the GPs scored a higher percentage of admissions as unnecessary (34 v 8-12%). After discussion, the consensus group achieved good to very good agreement (kappa 0.61-0.84).

CONCLUSIONS

Different groups of doctors vary widely in their views about the need for emergency surgical admission. Good agreement can be reached by consensus discussion. GPs are less likely than surgeons to consider emergency surgical admission necessary.