Differentiation and ultrastructure of the paruterine organs and paruterine capsules, in the nematotaeniid cestode Nematotaenia dispar (Goeze, 1782) Lühe, 1910, a parasite of amphibians.

Three types of egg-protecting envelopes of parenchymatic, uterine and embryonic origin have been distinguished in the cyclophyllidean cestode Nematotaenia dispar (Goeze, 1782) Lühe, 1910, a type species for the genus Nematotaenia and the family Nematotaeniidae. The present paper deals with the parenchymatic envelopes, which originate from the modified medullary parenchyma and are represented in this species by the paruterine organs and paruterine capsules. In pregravid proglottids they are composed of clongated myocytons, myofibrils and membranous anucleate cellular processes, containing a large amount of lipid droplets and some calcareous corpuscle cells. These cellular elements (CE) are separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists primarily of an electron lucent ground substance with fine filaments embedded in it. The paruterine capsules of gravid proglottids are surrounded from the outside by a typical medullary parenchyma and are lined by a layer of the connective tissue. The paruterine organs and paruterine capsules show similar ultrastructure. During their histogenesis, all cellular elements undergo extensive flattening, followed by cellular deterioration, with simultaneous reduction in CE/ECM ratio. In the late gravid segments, paruterine capsule walls are very thick and consist of membranous sheets with large amounts of lipid droplets, which cause the cytoplasmic sheets to bulge. Ultrastructure of various types of parenchymatic envelopes in representatives of different cyclophyllidean families, such as paruterine organs in Nematotaeniidae and Mesocestoididae, uterine and parenchymatic egg capsules in Anoplocephalidae (Linstowiinae and Inermicapsiferinae, respectively), is compared.