[Theodor Billroth (I. and II.)].

The two parts of the paper present a brief account of the life, work, time and social impact of the great surgeon Theodor Billroth. The first part deals with Billroth's scientific development and main parts of his life-long work. The second part presents Billroth as a universal genius who was engaged in the cultural and social life of his time and thus opened the road for surgery.