Physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy are diabetogenic. If diabetes does not exist before pregnancy, it may become evident, and if diabetes pre-exists, it becomes aggravated. The changing insulin requirements and propensity for ketoacidosis require weekly visits and careful urine testing on a daily basis by the mother. In addition, microvascular complications of diabetes must be carefully monitored. Delivery is planned progressively early in the pregnancy according to diabetic class. Hospitalization is necessary one week before anticipated delivery. Urinary estriol tests, OCT, amniocentesis, and ultrasound are all helpful in managing the pregnancy. Delivery of the fetus and placenta results in a profound fall in the insulin requirement. The neonate should be carefully observed during the first few days of life because of the increased frequency of complications.
孕期发生的生理变化具有致糖尿病作用。如果孕期前不存在糖尿病，可能会变得明显；如果糖尿病在孕期前就已存在，则会加重。胰岛素需求的变化以及发生酮症酸中毒的倾向要求母亲每周就诊，并每天仔细进行尿液检测。此外，必须仔细监测糖尿病的微血管并发症。根据糖尿病分级，计划在孕期尽早进行分娩。预计分娩前一周需要住院。尿雌三醇检测、缩宫素激惹试验、羊膜穿刺术和超声检查都有助于孕期管理。胎儿和胎盘娩出后胰岛素需求会大幅下降。由于并发症发生率增加，新生儿在出生后的头几天应受到仔细观察。
