Turner H A, Catania J A
Department of Sociology, Horton SSC, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 1997 Feb;25(1):35-59. doi: 10.1023/a:1024693707990.
Characteristics and caregiving experiences of friends and family members caring for people with AIDS (PWAs) were examined. Based on a probability sample of informal AIDS caregivers ages 18-49 living in central cities of the United States (n = 260), analyses were conducted to (a) identify the sociodemographic characteristics of young central city caregivers; and (b) examine the effects of caregiver characteristics (relationship to PWA, gender, race/ethnicity, income, sexual orientation, HIV status, perceived susceptibility), and level of objective caregiving demands, on subjective caregiver burden. Results indicate that the largest group of caregivers in this age category are male friends of the PWA--a group not typically found among caregivers to persons with other types of illnesses. In general, gay or bisexual caregivers, caregivers who have traditional family ties to the PWA, men relative to women, and lower income caregivers, report the greatest burden. While level of caregiving demands represents the most influential predictor of caregiver burden, white and male caregivers experience greater burden, independent of level of involvement and other caregiver characteristics. Receiving instrumental support with caregiving buffers the impact of high objective demands on subjective burden.
对照顾艾滋病患者（PWA）的朋友和家庭成员的特征及照顾经历进行了研究。基于对居住在美国中心城市、年龄在18 - 49岁的非正式艾滋病护理者的概率抽样（n = 260），进行了分析，以（a）确定年轻的中心城市护理者的社会人口学特征；以及（b）研究护理者特征（与艾滋病患者的关系、性别、种族/民族、收入、性取向、艾滋病毒感染状况、感知易感性）和客观护理需求水平对主观护理负担的影响。结果表明，这一年龄段中最大的护理者群体是艾滋病患者的男性朋友——这一群体在其他类型疾病患者的护理者中通常不存在。总体而言，男同性恋或双性恋护理者、与艾滋病患者有传统家庭关系的护理者、男性相对于女性以及低收入护理者报告的负担最大。虽然护理需求水平是护理负担最具影响力的预测因素，但白人护理者和男性护理者在不考虑参与程度和其他护理者特征的情况下，负担更大。在护理方面获得工具性支持可减轻高客观需求对主观负担的影响。
