Prenda J, Armitage PD, Grayston A
Institute of Freshwater Ecology, River Laboratory, East Stoke, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 6BB, U.K.
J Fish Biol. 1997 Jul;51(1):64-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb02514.x.
Patterns of habitat use by fish assemblages in two chalk streams in southern England were examined to identify species preferences with respect to major habitat gradients. Both study sites, although differing in some physical habitat characteristics, mainly channel width, water temperature and instream cover, could be arranged similarly along a continuum extending from erosional to depositional habitats. Twelve fish species were collected from stream surveys conducted during July 1993. The habitat was partitioned into six fish species associations that could be assigned to three habitat guilds: depositional (Barbatula barbatula, Gasterosteus aculeatus and Anguilla anguilla), riffle (Leuciscus leuciscus, Thymallus thymallus and Salmo salar) and generalist (Salmo trutta, Phoxinus phoxinus, Gobio gobio, Cottus gobio, Lampetra planeri and Pleuronectes flesus). At low to moderate densities the different species associations were collected in the same habitat patch, but at higher densities there was a clear tendency to mutual avoidance. In particular, large trout appeared as strong interactors that tended to exclude other species from their territories. It is hypothesized that the fish assemblage of the Mill Stream and Bere Stream have partitioned the habitat in such a way as to minimize potential competition.
研究了英格兰南部两条白垩溪流中鱼类群落的栖息地利用模式，以确定物种在主要栖息地梯度方面的偏好。尽管两个研究地点在一些物理栖息地特征上有所不同，主要是河道宽度、水温及河流水面覆盖情况，但它们都可以沿着从侵蚀性栖息地到沉积性栖息地的连续统一体以相似的方式排列。1993年7月进行的溪流调查共采集到12种鱼类。栖息地被划分为6个鱼类物种组合，这些组合可归为3个栖息地类群：沉积性类群（短须鮈、三刺鱼和欧洲鳗鲡）、浅滩类群（雅罗鱼、茴鱼和大西洋鲑）和广适性类群（褐鳟、赤睛鱼、吻鮈、长吻鮈、七鳃鳗和欧洲比目鱼）。在低密度到中等密度时，不同的物种组合在同一栖息地斑块中被采集到，但在高密度时，明显存在相互回避的趋势。特别是，大型鳟鱼似乎是强烈的相互作用者，倾向于将其他物种排除在其领地之外。据推测，米尔溪和比尔溪的鱼类群落以这样一种方式划分栖息地，以尽量减少潜在的竞争。
