Peters J C, Lawson K D, Middleton S J, Triebwasser K C
The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Technical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA.
J Nutr. 1997 Aug;127(8 Suppl):1719S-1728S. doi: 10.1093/jn/127.8.1719S.
Olestra is a zero-calorie fat replacement intended to replace 100% of the fat used in the preparation of savory snacks. Olestra can affect the absorption of other dietary components, especially highly lipophilic ones, when ingested at the same time. The potential effects of olestra on the absorption of essential fat-soluble and water-soluble dietary components have been investigated in pigs and in humans. In these studies, subjects were fed daily amounts of olestra up to 10 times the estimated mean intake from savory snacks and the olestra was eaten each day of the studies. In real life, snacks are eaten on average five times in a 14-d period. Olestra did not affect the availability of water-soluble micronutrients or the absorption and utilization of macronutrients. Olestra reduced the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K; however, the effects can be offset by adding specified amounts of the vitamins to olestra foods. Olestra also reduced the absorption of carotenoids; analysis of dietary patterns showed that in real life the reduction will likely be <10%. Any effect on vitamin A stores caused by a reduction in carotenoid uptake is offset by the addition of vitamin A to olestra foods. Because of the olestra-to-nutrient ratios fed and the nutritional requirements of the test subjects, the effects of olestra on nutritional status of subgroups of the population are unlikely to be different than those measured in the studies. An analysis of lipophilicity showed that olestra is unlikely to significantly affect the uptake of potentially beneficial phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables. Some people eating large amounts of olestra snacks may experience common GI symptoms such as stomach discomfort or changes in stool consistency, similar to symptoms accompanying other dietary changes. These symptoms present no health risks.
奥利斯特拉是一种零热量的脂肪替代品，旨在完全替代用于制作咸味零食的脂肪。同时摄入奥利斯特拉时，它会影响其他膳食成分的吸收，尤其是高度亲脂性的成分。已经在猪和人类身上研究了奥利斯特拉对必需的脂溶性和水溶性膳食成分吸收的潜在影响。在这些研究中，受试者每天摄入的奥利斯特拉量高达咸味零食估计平均摄入量的10倍，且在研究的每一天都食用奥利斯特拉。在现实生活中，14天内零食平均食用5次。奥利斯特拉不影响水溶性微量营养素的可利用性或常量营养素的吸收和利用。奥利斯特拉降低了脂溶性维生素A、D、E和K的吸收；然而，通过在奥利斯特拉食品中添加特定量的这些维生素，这种影响可以被抵消。奥利斯特拉还降低了类胡萝卜素的吸收；饮食模式分析表明，在现实生活中这种降低可能小于10%。类胡萝卜素摄入量减少对维生素A储备造成的任何影响，都可通过在奥利斯特拉食品中添加维生素A来抵消。由于所喂食的奥利斯特拉与营养素的比例以及受试对象的营养需求，奥利斯特拉对人群亚组营养状况的影响不太可能与研究中测得的结果不同。亲脂性分析表明，奥利斯特拉不太可能显著影响从水果和蔬菜中摄取潜在有益植物化学物质。一些大量食用奥利斯特拉零食的人可能会出现常见的胃肠道症状，如胃部不适或大便稠度改变，这与其他饮食变化伴随的症状类似。这些症状不存在健康风险。
